io. 12. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



183 



The Farmer. 



If I wna Baked who belonged to ihe privileged order 

 II our land, I elionld reply, the former, for no other 

 eaeoii than lUat be is rarely ever the victim of those 

 lucliiatione of trade oiid ibc currency — and that be is 

 inlircly relived in the sale of his products Irom the 

 vils of that credit system to which almost every oth- 

 r class of the community is subjected. 



Whether the price of the necessaries of life be high 

 r low, it is all the same to the farmer so far as he pro- 

 luces tliem for his own consumption, ilia surplus 

 iilike the wares of the tradesman, or the products of the 

 iianufacturer and the mechanic, will alv.'aya command 

 ash, and on that account it is at all times free from 

 hose aesesamciUs which the credit system never fails 

 a impose on the capital and products of the other 

 laeses of community; in fact it is always the farmer's 

 wn fault, and it can never be said that it was an evil 

 ncidcntal to his profession, if be is ever found linkeil 

 i^iih bankruptcy, or his substance diminished by bad 

 Icbts. 



Look at the poor unfortunate miller and the pro 

 uce-buycr, growing up under the hot-bed influence 

 I' Banks, which gives an additional atinmlousta their 

 Iruady too active gambling spirit. They are the 

 irmer's victims. 



Look at the clergyman, faithful and gifted as lie 



ny be in leaching those lovely lessons which make 

 lan godlike ; yet is he hardly sure from one year to 

 nothcr of a place whereon to lay his head. 



I,ook at the lawyer, now starving, unices he can got 

 raciicc in that jury leaa court, whose title burlesques 

 20 name of eipiity. 



The merchant and the trader encumbered and par- 

 lized by competition, bad debts, embarrassment, 

 ankruptcy. A victim of the credit system and bank 

 iRations. 



Tiie meclianic, felony eating out his substance or 

 Isgracing his fair fame, in the shape of a States Prison 

 )-brother ; often reduced to the hard necessity ol 

 idking Ilia employer rich before he can get his pay ; 

 IS career is too often one of lobor and embarrassment. 



ut the farmer with the stntTof life in hie barns, sheep 

 n his hills, and pigs in his pen, laughs to scorn the 

 ictitious ills of life ; 'tis true, he has his cares, but 

 'ithout them he would be much to be pitied. Ifev- 

 ry thing was done to his liking without his own au- 

 ervieion, the devil or some demon passion would be- 

 3me his master, 



*' Making iiis aljunJance, the means of want.'* 



The industrious, provident farmer has the earth for 

 is chemical laboratory, which, in common with its 

 lowing vegetable surface teochea him many lessons, 

 'lora 8 his handmaiden, and Cerea and Poraora ehed 

 neir bountiea upon him, making him nature's iioble- 

 iian, £?. W. 



Items, 



Condensed from Ejxliange Pitpcrs, ^-c. 



Great Hkifek. — A heifer, raised by Col. Poxton, 

 if Columbia county. Pa., was recently e.\hibited at 

 'h.ladclphia.- She weighed three thousand pounds, 

 8 half blood Durham, and waa sold to her present 

 iwner for one thousand dollars. She ia five years 

 lid. This shows the great advantoges which farmers 

 vpould derive from crossing their native cattle with 

 jood full-blood Durhams. 



L-JD1.1 CoTTo.N. — A lot of 100 bales of cotton was 

 sold in the summer in London at 84d. per lb., being 

 the first shipped from Madras, from the new English 

 plantation- 



Carriage Springs Made of Am. — Allen Put- 

 nam, of the New England Farmer, says that H. L. 

 Ellsworth, (who is at the bead of the patent office,) 

 nforma him that he lately aigned a patent for a man 

 10 conitruct springs for rail rata so that the passenger^ 



may read and write without any inconvenience ; and 

 that he rode in a car, conatructcd with such springs, 

 containing 80 passengers, which fully answered the 

 expectations and promises of the patentee. It appears 

 that the spring is made by using upright 13 inch cyl- 

 inder."!, containing air condensed to one-thirteenth of 

 its usual bulk, on which a piston rests ; but how the 

 air ia kept completely confined by this piston, while 

 the latter plays freely, wo connot fully understand, as 

 it is unexplained. 



Corn Oil.. — In Indiana, where corn is worth only 

 10 cents a bushel, lamp-oil is made from it, by grind- 

 ing the corn, and fennentiifg it with malt ; the oil 

 rises, and is ekiinnied from the surface, and the meal 

 fed to hogs. 



Trees. — lu Japan, there ia a law, that no one con 

 cut down a tree, without permiaaion of the majestrote 

 of the place and even when he obtains permission, he 

 must immediately replace it by another. 



Cheat Roofs. — A correspondent of the Famer's 

 Cabinet, says, that if rafters, ore covered with kiln- 

 dried half-inch boards, closely fitted at the edges, and 

 these with sheathing paper, (such as is used under the 

 copper of ships, ) with a coating of tar added, an excel- 

 lent roof is formed that will last many years. That the 

 following composition was used in this way for o roof, 

 twenty years ago, which is now as good as when laid : 

 Eight gallons tar, two gallons Roman cement [water 

 lime], five lbs. resin [rosin we prceume], end three 

 lbs. tnllow; boiled and very thoroughly stirred, laid on 

 the roof very evenly with a bru^h while hot. Sprinkle 

 this while hot with sharp sifted sand, when cold 

 npply onother coat of tar, and of sand ; and one coat 

 of tar in six yours. 



An incombustible wash for tue above is made by mix- 

 ing six quarts of dry, water, slacked, sifted lime, with 

 one quart of line salt, and adding two gallons water, 

 boiling and skimming it. Add to five gallona of iliis, 

 one pound olum, hnlfo pound ofcopeross, ond slowly 

 half a pound of potash, and four quarts fine sharp saiid. 

 It may now be colored as desired, and applied with a 

 brush. It is said to be as durable as atone, will atop 

 leaks, exclude mote, and is excellent on brick work. 

 Try it. 



Budding Roses. — Dr. Von Mons buds roses in 

 June, 60 that they grow, and frequently blossom the 

 same year. He prepares the young and unripe wood 

 by separating the leaves, leaving only the foot stalks ; 

 two weeks after the bude are swollen and fit for in- 

 sertion ; at the time the bud is put in, the stock is 

 cut ofTsix inches obove it. They arc bound with bass 

 mottinf , previously drown through a solution of alum 

 and white soap, and dried, which completely excludes 

 water. 



To Remove Old Puttv. — In taking out broken 

 window glass, nitric or muriatic acid will soften the 

 putty at once. 



TKANSr'LANTlNG EvERRREENS. P.nCS Ond SpruCCS 



arejustly considered a great ornament in door yard 

 scenery, and few ever succeed in transplanting them 

 successfully. The following mode, copied from 

 Downing's late admirable work on Landscape Garden- 

 ing, though notaltogetherncw,ise.xcellent,andwe hope 

 many will be induced to practice it at this season ol 

 comparative leisure. " The trees to be removed are 

 aoler-ted, the situotione chosen, and the holes dug, 

 while the ground ia yet open in autumn. AVhen the 

 ground is somewhat frozen, the operotor proceeds to 

 dig a trench around the tree at some distance, gradu- 

 ally undermining it, and leaving all the principal mass 

 of roots embodied in the hall of earth. The whole boll 

 is then left to freeze pretty thoroughly, (generally till 

 snow covers the ground,) when a large sled is 

 brought as near as possible, the ball of earll^ contain- 

 ing the tree rolled upon it, and the whole tran.iported 



to the hole previously prepared, where it ia placed, in 

 the proper position ; and as soon ae the weother be- 

 comes mild, the earth is properly filled in around the 

 boll." When skilltiilly performed, says Downing, 

 this ia the most complete of all the modes of traiie- 

 planiing, and the trees scarcely show, on the return of 

 growth, any eni'clafrom removal. " 



Germinating Sccils liuder Colored Glas^s. 



The following remarks by " Mr. Hunt, the Secre- 

 tary of the Royal Polytechnic Society," in England, 

 relate to a most curious discovery ; and, one which 

 may prove very useful to the cultivators of rare exot- 

 ics. We hope some of our readers will be stimulated 

 to repeat the experiments, and lo tend ua the results. 



"It is scarcely necessary to explain that every beam 

 of light proceeding from its solor source, is a bundle of 

 diflercnt colored rays, to the absorption or reflection of 

 which we owe all that infinite diversity of color which 

 ia one of the greatest chorma of creation. These rays 

 have been long known to possess diflerenl functions. 



" The light which permeates colored glass partakca 

 to Bume considerable extent, of the character 

 of the ray which corresponds with the glass 

 in color ; thus blue glass adinite the blue or chemical 

 loys, to the exclusion, or nearly so, of all the othera ; 

 yellow glass admits only the permeation of the lumi- 

 nous rays, while red glass cuts off all but the heating 

 rays, which pass it freely. This affords us a very 

 easy method of growing plonts under the influence of 

 any |)artieulor light which may be desired. 



"The fact to which I would particularly call 

 attention is, that ihc yclluio and red rays arc destruct- 

 ive to frcrminiition, whereas vnder tlieivjluance nf do- 

 Ictj indigo, or blue light, the process is quickened in a 

 most extraordinary manner. 



" The plants will grow most luxuriantly beneath 

 glasB of a blue character ; but bcneaih the yellow and 

 red glasses the natural proc'ss ie entirely checked. In- 

 deed, it will be found that at any period during the 

 eaily Id'e of a plant its growth may be checked by ex- 

 posing it to the action of red or yellow light. 



" It is with much satisfaction that I find the rc^nlls 

 to which I have arrived, corruberated by Dr. F. R. 

 Horner of Hull." 



Blue glass for hot beds could be very conveniently 

 employed. t 



jlow to Have Good Peachts-"Indian Corn. 



Much hos been said and written about prcaerving 

 the life and fecundity of peach Ireea. From the great 

 success attending the recent practice which has come 

 under my observation, I am inclined to believe that 

 keeping the ground under the trees clear from gross 

 and weeds, and loose and mellow by continual work- 

 ing, with a judicious opplicotion of manure, will do 

 more towards preserving the tree and improving the 

 flavor of its fruit, than all the nostruma in the world. 



It ia said that the cofl'ee tree can only be made pro- 

 fitably fruitful, by adopting the above plan. A coflee 

 planter would as soon allow his yard ond planting 

 patches to overrun with weeds as bis coffee grounds. 



I om much gratified to sec of late a more lively in- 

 terest in the better cultivation of that King of the ve- 

 gitaole kingdom, Indian corn. If it ia true, thot stalks 

 alone, can be more profitably cultivated for sugar than 

 sugar beets, as affording more sacberine moiter, and 

 requiring less outlay of capital and expense in the 

 manufacturing process, then truly u happy new era 

 has arrived in the rural economy of the north and 

 west, which will give wealth and independence to the 

 great corn growing region of the great West. 



The red blazed is the fovoritc voriety of corn among 

 the masterly corn gioweia of Oneida Co. — it has a 

 small cob ond largo kernel. It is earlier than the 

 Dutton, and grows larger in Seneca thdn in Oneida 



county. 



S. W. 



