THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



Vol. 



or in the Blighteist degree tiiigeJ with inilk color, it in- 

 dicates en imperfect working ot tlie butter; while an 

 entirely dry, tnllowy appearance, is ctiunHy disappro- 

 ved; 3d, a fresh fragrant perfume, and a sweet ker- 

 iielly taste; 4th; good butter will, above all, be dis 

 tingiiished by keeping for a considerable time, with- 

 out acquiring an old or rancid flavor." 



Two Good Farmers,— 



Not tno good formers- for those that are merely good. 

 are almost as rare as white blackbirds. When we say 

 ^' good," we do not mean what is commonly under- 

 stood, — industrious, money-making men, — hut who 

 perhaps apply a large portion of their labor to very bad 

 advantage; but those whose whole course, in all its de- 

 partments, is such as accurate and repeated experi- 

 ments have proved beetndciptcd to the soil and climate; 

 which not only allurds the greatest profit each year, 

 but is constantly improving instead of exhausting the 

 land. 



Theje two specimens tire given in the late report of 

 the Farm Committee of the Hartford County Agri- 

 cultural Society, published in the New England Far- 

 mer. The first is that of John B. Davis, of Derby, 

 whose furm consists of seventy-five acres, and from 

 which the following very respectable average annual 

 receipts are derived. 



Apples and Cider .$.500 



Hay 200 



Potatoes, 100 



Pork, .SO 



Slicep, 75 



Grain, 75 



Wool 25 



Two men labor on the farm the year through, with 

 occasional additional help, but no precise account of 

 the am lunt expended, was rendered. 



It will be seen that the orchard is t'le most profita- 

 ble, the trees being kept in the finest condition, to 

 which frequent tillage doubtless contributes. Fice 

 hundred dollars were received last year (1839) for 

 winUr apples of the choicest varieties, and iorty dol- 

 lars for cider sold, besides thirty barrels kept [for what 

 purpose ?] and apples fed to hogs, cattle, and horse. 

 All the farm, except the woodland, has been subjected 

 to the plough, although hay is the chief object aim- 

 ed at in cultivation. Only small portions of the land 

 are tilled, on v/hich the cultivated grasses have become 

 leas luxuriant. The routine of crops adopted is, 1st, 

 corn on s'vard with manure; 2d, potatoes with ma- 

 nure (sDineiimes followed by turnips;) 3d, lye or oats 

 or grass seed. For the corn, (which is Dutlon and 

 White Flint,) twenty double loads of manure are 

 spread on the grass before ploughing, and afterwards 

 holes dug at eoeh hill in which a small handful of 

 plaster and ashes is dropped and mixed with the soil at 

 planting. The average crop is seventy bushels an 

 acre. The polstoes are planted with equal manuring, 

 and yield two hundred bushels. The r\ e yields twen- 

 ty-five, and the oats seventy bushels, two and a half 

 bushels of the latter being sown to the acre, which is 

 plougiied in, harrowed, and the grass seed covered 

 with a bush. 



About twenty acres are kept in meadow, which con- 

 ■;iiue in grass from six to eight years, and the average 

 crop is estimated at two and a half tons to the acre. 



Of manure, seventy-five loads are made yearly, and 

 fifty purchased; one ton of plaster, half a ton of 

 shell lime, (which is added, as indispensable, to the 

 compost,) and fifty bushels of ashes are also used. 



The stock consists of two yoke of oxen, two milch 

 eows, seven hogs, thirty-five Bakewell sheep, and one 

 horse. 



The other farm, is that of Wm. K Townsend, of 

 East Haven, on New Haven harbor,and consists of 43 

 acres of salt grass, and 118 acres of upland. The 

 report A this firm, by the committee, we have read 



with great satisfaction, and, did our limits admit, we 

 should be glad to give it entire. Such a report, mere 

 inattcrs of fact statement as it is, is more calculated to 

 inspirp a taste for farming, than all the fine declama- 

 tion and eloquent reasoning we ever beard or read. 

 As it is, we must content ourselves with a statement 

 of some of the most interesting facts. 



The buildings are arranged with n strict regaid to 

 convenience, being erected " after approved mode's, 

 and they show conclusively that much labor may be 

 saved by judicious arrangements, with bnt trilling ad- 

 ditional expense. For each implement of husbandry, 

 a special and convenient place of deposit is also i)ro- 

 vided " The fences throughout are good. The soil 

 is sandy and gravelly loam, naturally light and thin, 

 and left in wretched conditicn by its former occupant. 

 Successive portions have been reclaimed from this con- 

 dition, by careful and thorough tillage, colleeting the 

 stones into strong ond durable fences, and applying a 

 heavy coating of manure. With the ex option of two 

 fields, which have not thus been reached in the regu- 

 lar order, the farm has been greatly improved. " Af- 

 ter such improvement, however," say '.he committee, 

 "these lands are not, as is too often the case, again 

 reduced to their former condition, or rendered still 

 less productive, by injudicious and excessive croppings, 

 without any return to the soil; butby such subsequent 

 careful treatment, as every good farmer ought to give 

 his land, they are kept constantly improving." 



The corn crop, by measurement, has averaged 

 seventy bushels the acre; potatoes, two hundred and 

 fifty bushels; rye, twenty-five bushels; oats, (rarely 

 raised,) forty-five bushels; and barley, thirty-two 

 bushels. Great crops of pumpkins are also obtained, 

 by planting in large manured hills ten feet apart each 

 wav, six oreight seeds, the two most vigourous shoots 

 being allowed to remain. 



Three bundled double loads of manure are annually 

 made on the farm, of which more than fifty are liom the 

 hog-pen. It is always applied unfermented, except to 

 meadows and root crops, where compost is used. 

 Three- I'ourths of a ton of plaster are yearly spread up- 

 on the meadows and pastures, and fifty bushels ofshcl, 

 lime applied to the compost heap. 



Great profit has heen derived from the breeding ol 

 improved stock, consisfing of Durham cattle, " Thin 

 Rind" hogs, and Bakewell sheep. The use of the 

 revolving horse-rake in securing bay, of the cutting 

 box for feeding stock, and of stables for cattle in win- 

 ter, has cflected a great saving. 



Accurate and regular accounts of all operations are 

 constantly kept, from which tlie follov.-ing statement is 

 taken of cash received the past year, ocer mid ubvrc 

 tlic consmiiplion vf a large fumilij : — 



Fruit ,$ 200 



Vegetable?, 50 



Neat'stcck, 1,310 



Hogs and pigs, 5S5 



Wool, 50 



Blilk, butter, and calves 2,1 13 



Rent of stock, ^>i) 



Gross income in 1839, 4,388 



Deduct cash paid for labor and feed 

 of cows, I,4.j2 



Nett incoiue in 1839 ;J2,93(j 



The great profit thus secured, appears to have re- 

 sulted fiom the establishment of a well digested sys- 

 stem of farming, faithfully and energetically corried 

 out, and from the guidm'g of all the opcratioua by 

 constant ond accurate accounts. * 



Improviiiff Sandy Lttntl. 



Me«^rs. Editors — 1 find that your paper affords a 

 valuable medium, through which we, who a:e young 



or inexperienced, can obtain information. I the: 

 fore wish to ask one or two questions. 



My farm is situated on the oak openings of Monr 

 county. The soil is what may be called ;i light, san 

 loam — some parts nearly pure sand. One side b< 

 ders on a flat marsh, part of which, to a consideral 

 depth, consists of very black earth, which I suppc 

 to be vegetable mould, formed probably by the d 

 ot leaves and wild grass, which latter grows ve 

 abundant all over the marsh. 



Now, I wish to inquire whether this black ear 

 will make a dressing for the upland, of sufficic 

 value to defray the expense of carting it on; ond if; 

 how and when is it best to apply it ? 



I also want to ask what kind of a fence can best 

 made across the above mentioned marsh, where len 

 timber is very scarce, and money ditto. 



A YOUNG FARMER 



December, 1 840. 



lol 



at 



ill?" 



llJft' 



tigt<l 

 mull 

 ini-i 

 idifil 



4e» 

 lip 



Hoveti Cattle. 



Messrs. Editors — The cure for this conipla! 

 which you copied from the Farmers' Cabinet, wi 

 in slight coses, prove tflectual; but in severe case 

 resort must be had to other methods. 



The contrivance of Dr. Mori is, of England, fii 

 published in 1793, is the most efTectual, and may r 

 be known to all of your readers. It consists of a fle 

 ible tube, made of wire, covered with soft lenthcr.- 

 Dr. M. found that the distance from the fore teeth 

 the first stomach of a large o.\ is sixfiet; tberefo 

 the tube should be a little more than that length. C 

 this being thrust down the animal's throat, so as to e 

 tcT the first stomach, a large quantity of feated air, 

 gas, will be discharged, and instant relief afTorded. 



If this instrument is not at hand, recourse must I 

 had to tapping. Take a sharp pen-knife and intr 

 duco it into the paunch, between the bock bone aii^ 

 the last rib on the left side. To assist the escape 

 the gas, a (luill, or small tube, may be introduced iii 

 the orifice. As soon as it ceases to escape, a pit*, 

 plaster should be applied upon the place; and, if all 

 done with care, bi;t little injury will result from til 

 operation. 



Tbe following cordial may afterwards be given wi 

 advantage: — Take 2 ounces of Anise seed, D.apent 

 antK.EIecampane, in powder; 2 ounces tincture . 

 Ilhufiarb, and one ounce of spirits of nitre. Mix ar 

 five in a quart of warm gruel. 



Respectfully youro, 



AN ENGLISH EMIGRANT. 



Near All/ion, Orleans eo. i^ * 



C'mii::: Hams. 



What ! another method ? Yes, we answer, an 

 request the incredulous to try it before they condemi 

 On the day, or day before, killing your hogs, scsl 

 your tub, {a pine tub is preferable, ) and turn it over 

 smothered fire of corn cobs or maple chips. If thi 

 process is skilfully done, it will thoroughly infuse th 

 smoke into the wood. Let the tub be wet or inoif 

 when smoking. 



When your hams are perfectly cold, sprinkle tb 

 bottom of the tub with salt, and pack in the usua 

 monncr, with little or no salt. Pour upon the hnmi 

 a pickle (perfectly cold) sufficient to cover them. 'Ti- , 

 six gallons of water add six pounds salt and one fourtlj , 

 pound salt petre. This completes the whole proceEj 

 of curing; and your hams for winter ond spring u& 

 arc much better than v^ihcn cured and smoked in tt 

 old way. The process of keeping hams in a tigl 

 and over healed smoke house, is the great cause > 

 their premature decay. 



If the hams are to be kept during the next sun: ncr; 

 the brine must be changed and more salt addud, iS 



