.\o. 1. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



13 



cos, oil tUe oulskle. Tlie rich colors of ripe fniile nrc 

 very nt!inc:ive: niiil the I'urtUer we con place them 

 fioiii the gnZ3 ornnimals wLo have no higbernim ihnu 

 preaeiit grn:ification, — the better. On ibis nccotmt a 



ir-ynril shoiiKl not he n fniit-yard, except for such 



Is as may he gntheicd green, and ripened in the 

 bouse. We have no knowledge that thieves in ihis 

 qunrlcr look far cnoii gb a- Lead lo btial ui.rl] ij cars, 

 or'wintcr npiilce. 



Chony trees should he set in the lenr of the necta- 

 rines, plums and apricots, hut still as near to ihe hog- 

 trough as possible, after these kinds arc accommodated. 

 We o.uisider the hog-troiigh indeed, as an important 



endageto the Fruit Garden. Where hogs cannot 

 bo admitted however, pouhnj nmy '\n some measure 

 supply tbeir place. If both are excluded, then use the 

 spade and the hoe — shake the Curculios from the tree 

 on sheets spread for the purpose, and show ibeiii no 

 quarter. 



Cherry trees should also be set near together — that 

 ie, not aeaitcred in diffc-rent parts of the garden, on 

 uccouiit of the birds that come to plunder. A leisure 

 hall hour m.ay be well spent on a seat from which shot 

 luoy reach them. We ki:ow indeed it is the fashion 

 of the day to e.\tol their services, and to decry every 

 attempt to lessen their numbers; but people who are 

 nrricd away by s jch fancies, cannot have duly con- 

 sidered the subject. 



The cedar bird has been called " a friendly, useful, 

 innocent visitor;" but we have yet to learn in what 

 respect he is better than a crow or a rat. JTe may de- 

 vour insects in some districts, as it has been asserted, 

 but not in ours. We hove cnreAilly watched him, in 

 many years, and have even bad his stomach examined 

 to see what he lived on, hut nothing was found in it 

 but fruit. He conies as a plunderer, and deserves a 

 plunderer's reward. t 



The Garden and Siuubbery. 



In the open ground at this dreary season, llovvers — 

 tbe rao^t tender part of the plant — would be sadly out 

 of place; and therefore ornament can only be expect- 

 id in the hark, the Icates, or the/raii. 



The bark of the striped mapU is gencraly admired. 

 White streaks on a ground in which shadings of red 

 reen occasionally pievail, always meet the eye, 

 except where the red becomes clearer on the twigs and 

 with increasing intensity envelopes the buds. The 

 green on the contrary, is seen on the old bark; and 

 more especially on old trees, which are sometimes six 

 inches in diameter. 



The rcddogtcouil (improperly called the red willow) 

 is often ornamental. Seedlings vary much however, 

 in regard to brightness; and not one tenth of those we 

 meet with in the swamps are suitable for transplant- 

 ing. Though naturally a sub-aquatic, it does well on 

 common Eoil; for through winter and the early part ol 

 spring when its bark is the brightest, the ground is 

 ■ulliciently wet. 



The poplar-leaved birch has a white bark, though 

 t is several years before the small branches assume 

 this color. The leaves are delicate, and the whole 

 tfjc is showy and ornamental. 



The gulden ash has fine yellow bark, changing 

 from a greenish color early in autumn. This tree is 

 considered a variety of the English ash (Fraxinvs ex.- 

 cdsiur) and its height in London is marked thirty feet. 

 We have one of very vigorous growth about eight feet 

 high, much admired. 



Evergreens are admiraLly adapted to embellish a 

 honestead in winter. Among these, the silctr fir of 

 Europe will stand in the front rank. It is nearly al- 

 lied to the balsam fir, hut has a larger leaf more dis- 

 tinctly striped with white on the under side. Both are 

 very beaut.f.d. 



Next to these we should place ilie irliilr pine, which 

 often bscomes tho tallest tree of the Auieriean forest, 

 where it has loom to spread however, the rich silky 

 green of its foliage, ia more distinctly visible and or- 

 namental. 



Not far behind, is the tchilc spruce, growing natur- 

 ally in swamps like tho balsam lir, hui soon becoming 

 reconciled to a dry soil. Two or three years in a nur- 

 sery, give it a new set of roots; and when these are 

 acquired, with reasonable attention, it is almost sure 

 to live when transplanted. It also attains a great 

 height in favorable situations. 



The Norwaijfir from the north of Europe, famous 

 for its timber, is another fine evergreen with darker 

 foliage; but perhaps not darker than the bind: spruce. 

 which is often found in mountain land and a cold soil. 

 Near these may bo placed the Chinese and American 

 arbor vita with fragrant leaves; and the EngllsU yew, 

 remaikable fur its duration and slow growth. 



The Scotch (ir, so called is properly a pine — that is, 

 it hiia two leaves in a sheath. This species and the 

 Norway fir, supply the deal boards of England. 



But we have not forgotten the hemlock sprtioc. Men 

 who ore long employed in clearing land, are apt to 

 consider every tree tliat stands in their way as worthy 

 of death; and we apprehend that but few arborieullu- 

 ists can be found in ibis class. Against the hem- 

 lock, the prejudice has been unusually strong. With- 

 out stopping to inquire on what it rested however, we 

 shall express our conviction that this tree dc-SLivcs a 

 place among the finest evergreens when it can clothe 

 itself with foliage from the ground. It bears training 

 well; and the most beautiful hedge we have ever seen 

 was of hemlock. 



The common Juniper retains the green of its leaves 

 in winter much better than the red cedar; and as it in- 

 clines to grow low with prickly leaves, it might serve 

 lor a hedge on the top of a ditch. It may easily be 

 increased by layers or by seeds. 



An evergreen, liule known in this district, but re- 

 markable for its beauty is the tree boz. It appears to 

 agree with our soi! and climate; grows densely, and a 

 hedge of it, in front of a mansion would be superb. 



In sheltered situations the fruit of the pyrncuntha 

 retains its fine scarlet; but the severer blasts of wintef 

 destroy its color. On the bush cranJc? ry however, 

 these have no eflect; and its clusters hang in all their 

 brightness till the commencement of mild weather in 

 the spring. 



No shrub however, is more beautiful in winter on 

 account of its fruit than the barberry; and none is 

 safer from the depredations of birds. The berries are 

 very acid. Many people have been deterred from 

 planting it because of itssupposed infiuence in blight- 

 ing wheat; but this charge is proved to be unfounded. 

 It has neither philosophy nor fact to support it, t 



Items iu Doraestic a:id Rural Economy. 



To prevent horses, which are disposed to break 

 their bridles, from doing eo, place a pad within the 

 strap that posses hack of tho bead, the inside of which 

 is lined with cotton or linen, and in which the points 

 of three or four very sharp nails, pointing inwards, are 

 concealed. When the horse draws hard upon his bri- 

 dle, these prick him, and cause him to desist. 



Stoves, for heating rooms, will throw out much 

 more heat for the amount of fuel consumnd, if, as soon 

 as the wood gets well burning, the draught itio(i' and 

 above the fire, is closed. Far less beat is swept by 

 the draft up chimney. On this principle, the black- 

 smith increases the heat of his forge, by sprinkling 

 water upon the ignited coals, and preventing thefianic 

 from rushing out; and also, green wood on a common 

 fire often pievents tho rapid escape of heat up the 

 chimney, fjr a einulor reason. ^1.'/ sloves should 



Ihcrij'orc be prodded tpitli a ralre aboie as iciil as be- 

 low the fire. 



Cracks in stoves and stove pipes are readily closed 

 by a paste made of ashea and salt with water. Iron 

 turningfl or filings, sal ammoniac, and water, make a 

 barderand more durable cement. 



An excellent cement for broken glass, is made by 

 grinding together linseed oil and white lead, to tha 

 consistency of a paste. 



Nails are prevented from rusting by healing them, 

 and dropping them while hot in oil. 



Gates work much better for having the hinges nniJ 

 latches greased. To keep them so, bore a bole, and 

 plug up a quantity o( grease in the gate post, where it 

 may always he at hand when wanted. 



lee, on door steps, may be easily removed by throw- 

 ing salt upon it, which will cause the ice to crack to 

 pieces. 



Cattle should be duly supplied with salt during win- 

 ter, which is often forgotten. 



Hoy and oals may bo economized by feeding horses 

 ruta hagns, which they soon learn to cat. 



An excellent and cheap paint for rough wood work, 

 is made of G pounds of melted pitch, 1 pint linseed oil, 

 and 1 pound of brick dust, or yellow ochre 



Cream which churns with dilTiculty in winter, if 

 too tour, will speedily produce butter by the addition 

 of saleratus. If too cold hot water may be applied — 

 butit is better to warm the cream and keep it so. If 

 the thermometer shows 7U° of Fab. it will so(m come. 

 When minute granules of butter appear and it does 

 not gather readily, throw in apiece of butter, end it 

 will "lump" together in a trice. 



Stumps in fields are made to rot, by placing cartU 

 upon them. " 



Farmers' Homes and Children. 



A much esteemed correspondent has sent us a reply 

 to the communication of Anisette, in our last; hut 

 we think it is written under a niisopprehen»ion of th« 

 subject; and, as it is not very courteous withal, wo 

 are compelled to decline its publicWion. The writer 

 styles himself " an old home-spun practical farmer," 

 and says that he " has neither been an imtifi'crcul nor 

 a disinterested reader of what our columns have from 

 lime to time furnished on the subject of the education 

 of children, with a view to qualify them for the busi- 

 ness of practical farming." He admits that "An- 

 nette has delected and exposed a crying evil, and 

 pointed out the remedy;" but still it appears to him 

 to be " all moonshine," and he is fearful that the ex- 

 pense of "making home attractive," according to 

 the suggestionj of Annette, will lead farmers into the 

 "frightful swamp of bankruptcy, want, disgrace, 

 and misery." — We admit that there are many farm- 

 ers in our land, who cannot aflbrd the necessary time 

 or expense for the pleasures and comforts spoken 

 of; neither can they oiford lo educate their 

 daughters in a boarding school ; but at ibe some 

 time there are many others who can well alTurd 

 these expenses, and are not compelled to spend al". 

 their time in toiling for uhe necessoric? of life. It is a 

 great mistake however, to siippose that much expense 

 is necessary in order to make a dwelling pleasing and 

 beautifid. It need not "all be set up or established up- 

 on the most modern and fashionable foundations." 

 On the contrary, almost any man v\-ho has the taste 

 and disposition, can find the time and means to sur- 

 round his home with most of the attractions mention- 

 ed by Anne'.te, without any danger of bankruptcy or 

 ruin. 



We cheerfiilly comply wiih the request of our cor- 

 reopondent, in publishing the following article from the 

 National JEgis; and, in return, we ask him to read 

 the article on the next following page, entitled iha 

 iVvrldu'T Man's Home. — Ew- 



