14 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



Vol. 2. 



From the National MgU. 

 To the Young of both Sexes. 



It IB of great importance that pcrsonf, in early life, 

 should prepare themeelfee for the part they are to act 

 in society. There ie a strong desire in both sexes to 

 rise to respectability, and this is highly commendable; 

 but many persons err in their attempts to gain their 

 object. 



A principal cause of the failure of young people to 

 reach the object of their desire, is, the attempt to get 

 rUh loillwut labor I In this way, they oficu aim at 

 an object without the means to aecomplieh it. Thus, 

 or many years past, young men have entered on busi- 

 ness with borrowed capital, to an extent never before 

 known; they hare calculated upon the profits which 

 were prcearioue; they have neglected to calculate the 

 chances of sudden declensions in busincBs; they have 

 entered upon house-keeping, with extravagant pur- 

 chases of furniture; they hare mostly/«i(e(/, and re 

 dueed themselves and families to poverty. The fail- 

 ures and the distress which have occurred in this coun- 

 try witliin « few years e-xceed every thing probably 

 that ever before happened. 



Young friends, learn wisdom. It is not the order of 

 Providence that mankind should have blessings and 

 prosperity without labor. It is best for mankind that 

 this should be the order of things; good moral habits are 

 f ormed by industry; eurlden acquisitions of propel ty 

 end to prevent the formation of such habits, they arc 

 often ruinous to morals. Moderate acquisitions of 

 property generate good habits — the habits ol prudence, 

 of foresight, and correct calculation of what is practi- 

 cable. 



The desire of reaching a respectade standing in 

 life has led many to renounce labor for books, with 

 the expectation that they can live by learning. But 

 the number of persons who can gain subsistence by 

 learning is comparatively small. The prolessions are 

 iull tooverllowing; unless that of the gospel ministry 

 may be excepted. By far the greatest part of man- 

 kind are destined to labor, without which society can- 

 not be supported. 



In forming a plan of business for life, therefore, the 

 first requisite is to determine the course to be pursued, 

 the occupation which is to be followed, and then to 

 devote all possible attention to gain the qualifications 

 essential to sncceBi'iit tfuit occupation. In this prelim- 

 inary to success, persona very often make great suc- 

 cess. 



If a young man is to be a farmer, he must begin 

 when a boy, and continue in that business. He must 

 gain knowledge by experience, and muscular strength 

 by labor. Books and learning will never make farm- 

 ers. 



If a young man is to be a mechanic, he must begin 

 his art when young, and persevere in it, and be thor- 

 oughly master of every part of his business. Books 

 and learning cannot supply the want of labor and ex- 

 perience. Fanners and artisans cannot be made in the 

 Bchool house or college. Most of the studies cultiva- 

 ted in our semnaries of learning, however useful to 

 professional men, are not applicable to all the common 

 occupations of life. This the writer knows by expe- 

 riance. 



It is with female as with males hoy desire to live 

 without labor, and thousands of them fail of obtaining 

 a good eettlementin lite, by aimingatwhat cannot be 

 obtained. Hence, the high schools otten become nur- 

 eries of old maids. The daughters of wealthy men. 

 who are sure of the means of living without labor, 

 snd such as are fortunate enough to marry men of in- 

 fluence, may be justified in devoting many years to 

 lirngiia^cs and sciences which Ihcy arc never to use ; 

 but how small, comparatively, is this number ! 



Most of the people of this country possess small er- 

 tales, which, when divi<led, will not support their 

 children. Hence it often happens that children, 

 whom the father can support in genteel style, fail, at 

 his death, of the means ol" subsistence. Hence, pro- 

 bably, no country presents so many instancas of young 

 persons of both sexes, educated ahvve their condilionj 

 aa the United States. Many persons and families, 

 within the knowledge of the writer, have been ruined 

 or doomed to struggle with adversity all their lives 

 from this mistake. They begin wrong, they expect 

 to be gentlemen and ladies without the means of sup- 

 porting themselves in such style. 



Equally mistaken are many of the daughters of 

 poor families. Some of them enter manufactories, 

 where they get good wages, and dress in rich attire; 

 neglect to gain a thorough knowledge of housekeep- 

 ing, the very knowledge they most want to insure 

 them a good sentiment. Young men of industry 

 want wives that are good house-keepers. They do not 

 •eek females hz tbwr dexterity in tending spools; but 



for those who are accustomed to do all the work of a 

 family, and to make an economical use of money. 

 Such wives are useful auxiliaries in supporting a fami- 

 ly; whereas such as are not accustomed to hcmsework 

 often check or prevent the prosperity of their hus- 

 bands; sometimes they ruin them. 



Much Ices do men, in the ordinary occupations of 

 life, seek fi)r females who have studied geometry, al- 

 gebra, rhetoric, zoology and the higher niathemalK-s. 

 Such sciences are of no use to them in discharging 

 their duties, as wives, mothers or housekeepers; they 

 are soon forgotten, and it not, never used; nor do 

 they ever become subjects of conversation. In the 

 course of thirty years observation, the writer has nev- 

 er known a female thus educated to make the letst 

 use of such sciences; not even in the families of the 

 affluent. Books on such subjects, read in after life, 

 for the purpose of gratifying curiosity or enlarging the 

 knowledge of the works of nature, may be useful lor 

 these purposes among those who have leisure, but not 

 being necessary to qualify females for these duties, 

 should not be a part of school education. 



In no particular is the folly ol females more remark- 

 able than in their estimate of labor. They seem to 

 think it disgracing to labor in the lamily aa domestics, 

 when they will labor in manufactories without objec- 

 tion. They do not consider Ihnt the proper sphere of 

 females is in the family, and that they cannot fill that 

 sphere without serving an apprenticeship y and they 

 should no more disdain it, than young men should 

 disdain to be apprentices to mechanics. The young 

 of both sexes must be subordinate to those who are 

 older, for it is from experience and knowledge of ol- 

 der persons that they are lo qualify themselves to be 

 respectable masters and mistresaes themselves. Girls 

 who have no property should ecek to be domestics for 

 two or three years in respectable, well-ordered fami- 

 lies, for it is in these they arc to learn, not on'y to do 

 all kinds of work, but to improve their minds and 

 their manners. It is the best, if not the only chance 

 which many of them can have, thus to improve, and 

 become respectable mistresses of families. 



All young persons should have a competent Eng- 

 lish education, and for this purpose, they should have 

 access, not only to the Bible, but to the best writings 

 of Watts, Addison, Cowper and Mrs. Moore. In 

 wealthy and well conducted families the poorest girls 

 may have this advantage. By avoiding do "nestic ser- 

 vice, they deprive themselves of advantages which 

 they can never have in any other business. The 

 pride of females often condemns them lo poveity and 

 a single life. Many and many a female I'ails to gain 

 a comfortable settlement in life, merely because she 

 is too proud to submit to the apprentiecfhip of learning 

 the duties of a house-keeper in the character of a hi- 

 red domestic. FRANKLIN. 



From the Maine Farmer, 

 Signs of the Times> 



We sometime ago, under this head, made some re- 

 marks in regard to the change of feeling at the South, 

 respecting a "judicious tariff" on certain articles, 

 which do not now pay any duty, or but very little: 

 such as silk, wines, &c., which may be considered 

 articles of luxury, and not of necessity. We were not 

 aware of treading on \ke political toes of either party 

 — but it so fell out that we received sundry hearty 

 kicks, from individuals belonging to both of them. 



So mote it be, gentlemen; we have always been 

 used to " more kicks than coppers" from our youth up, 

 and this getting thumped from both sides of the mnj, 

 is pretty sure proof that we are in the right. At any 

 rate, one thing is certain, and you may all pout and 

 make wry faces as long as you please, about it. You 

 must have a tariff, and a pretty strong one too, or you 

 must support your government by a direct tax. Now, 

 which do you like beet I When the last tariff was 

 adopted, certain articles were admitted almost or quite 

 duty free, because it was alledged that they could not 

 be produced in this country. Among them, as we be- 

 fore observed, were silks. Since that period, the ex- 

 periment has been pretty thoroughly tried, and it has 

 been found that we can produce silk here with ease, 

 but the French, on account of labor being so much 

 cheaper with them than with ns, can sell cheaper than 

 we can, and thus defeat U3 in the market. Very well, 

 this might do, if they would meet us on reciprocal 

 grounds — that is, take our produce, or some of it, dutv 

 free. But this they decline doing. The sung with 

 them is — Free trade for us, and heavy duties for you. 



The tobacco planters are getting their "blood up," 

 and the following from the American Farmer shows 

 what they mean to do. There will probably be, ere 

 long, a modification of the tariff system, and we trust 

 the difTerent interesta oi the South and the North 



will meet and act with more union on a subject of such 

 vital interest, to every son and daughter of the na- 

 tion. 



Thk B.\ll is in Motion. — The Tobacco Planters 

 are on the qui rive — to speak in plain English, on the 

 look out. Their interest in Congress, if zealously 

 combined, is strong enough to make itself be under- 

 stood — and if not strong enough in numbers, let it 

 log-roll, as n last resort, with some other than can 

 make itso. 



The Planters of Charles County, Md , were to have 

 held a meeting yesterday for the appointment of del- 

 egates to the convention. 



The proceedings of a meeting in Dinwiildie, Va., 

 will be found below, with some introductory remarks 

 from the National Intelligencer. The Lynchburg 

 Virginian, alluding to the proceedings of this 

 ing, and remarking on the onerous duties levied on 

 our Tobacco, by foreign powers, observes : 



" Other nations are depressing our productive inter- 

 ests by monopolies and onerous restrictions. In re- 

 ciprocity for all which we have pursued the most lib- 

 eral policy — the luxuries of foreign lands have entered 

 our country almost dutyfiee. Weshouldno longer 

 submit to these oppressive duties. It is time for us to 

 obtain their repeal, or coun.eract them by similar re- 

 strictions. If v.e cannot by our example induce other 

 nations to adopt the enlightened policy we have pur- 

 sued, why »e have no alternative left but to try the 

 retaliatory system." 



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Massachusetts Statistics. 



From the returns of the valuation assessors of the 

 several towns in the State of Massarhuseits, as pub- 

 lished in the Boston Atlas, we compile the following 

 interesting statistics : 



Population. — Whole number of males and femaleS' 

 610,814, being an increase in ten years of 129,292. 



Polls. — Rateable polls of 16 years and u|iward* 

 172,227, male polls not rateable 12,065, ditto paupergi 

 1707. 



Buildings. — Whole number of dwelling houses in 

 the State 96,227, shops and stores 23,019, barns 

 0:5,806, other buildings worth over $20 and upwards 

 26,573. 



X)is('7/cn'es.^Whole numbrr 78, breweries 15. 



Mills.— GviBi 757, saw 1371, paper 98. 



Munvfactorics. — Splitting mills and nail machines 

 424, iron works and furnaces 133, small arm manu- 

 factories 12, carding machines 651. fulling mills 181, 

 rope walks 64, glass factories 4, card factories 34, su- 

 perficial feet of salt works 14,897,815. 



Cotton Factories. — Whole number 343, looms 16,- 

 638, spindles 624,540. 



Woolen Factories. — Whole number 201, looms 

 3032, spindles 113,4.57. 



Utiier Factories. — Bleaching 10, linen 2, silk 1, 

 works for printing calico and silks 12. 



Agriaillural. — Tillage land 259,038 acres, the pro. 

 duce of which is, wheat 101,178 bushels, rye 453,705. 

 oats 1,226,300, corn 1,775,073, barley 149,004, hops 

 237,941 pounds, hemp 7 tons, flax 2, broom corn 580, 

 upland mowing land 440,930 acres, the produce of 

 which is 467,537 tons of hay, fresh meadow land 

 184,822 acres, the produce of which is 135,930 tons, 

 salt meadow land 39,305 acres, the produce of which 

 is 26.203 tons. 



Various. — Superficial feet of wharves 8,402,286, 

 tons of vessels 498,057, ounces of plate exceeding $'4J 

 in value 153,670. 



Pride and Extravagance. 



A slight exposition now and then of the way in 

 which we "simjjle republicans" live, will do no harm; 

 for the means of acquiring information as to our na- 

 tional income and outgo are not always within the 

 reach of the people. The last annual report of the 

 Secretary of the Treasury contains some information 

 of much value io the general reader, and goes to show 

 that we are not exactly the plain, calculating, money- 

 making people, that some modern travellers have pro- 

 nounced us. Our institutions, it is true, are republi- 

 can, ns they partake of the nature and spirit of our 

 government, but society is the mere ape of foreign 

 aristocracy, and we are as fond of our luxuries as most 

 other people. " Hard times" is a stereotyped com- 

 plaint, and the embarrassed condition of the country 

 is made a great political subject. This is all right 

 enough, the contending parlies must have some wea- 

 pons to fight with, else how would the conflict pro- 

 ceed ? But while all these complaints were making, 

 we last year paid to France and England, principally 

 the former, twcnti/.four millions of dollars for silks, 

 Gro de Nap, Gro de Rhine, Poult de Soui, and Tag- 



