No. 2. 



AND GARDENEU'S JOUUNAL. 



21 



moment ilint ihore is no olijcct iii getling rid ol' lliie 

 cnnnnous ainuunt ot' tilih; niid few tun be liiuiij un- 

 willing to "luknowlcdgn it n moot importnnt oilv-nntagc. 

 Now our Frnmc throws oil" tUo whole of this dnni;tr- 

 ous discharge of dirt, instead of confining in coniinu- 

 cJ contact with the worm, where it becomes the rniit- 

 fnl parent of disease nnd death. We have tried the 

 feeding upon solid surlhccs in a large way, and give 

 it as oiir decided conviction that worm lecding can 

 never bo cirricd on prolitably in that mode, on a scale 

 large enough to be worthy of n capitalist. It may do 

 in a small way, where the greatest success will never 

 amount to much, while even then there is continual 

 danger of n total tuilure. The next year will prove 

 murii in favor of the new system of feeding, ne many 

 large cstabhshu.ents will adopt it. Silk can thus be 

 made at a l.iw price, and the crop will moreover he a 

 certain one — and no one will assert that it has ever 

 been any thing like a certain one so far. The shelves 

 nnd hurdles must bo laid aside, the new system must 

 be used, and reeled silk can be made for a dollar and 

 a half per pound. E, M, 



Fur tke yeto Qenesec Farmer. 

 Barn CcUars-'Protectionlbr Cattle, fee. 



Messrs. Editors — Many writers for ogricultural 

 papers, have given descriptions of farm buildings, 

 means of protection for cattle, sheep, &c.; but they 

 have, for the most part, been on so large a scale as to 

 bo of little benefit to the common farmer. Those of your 

 readers who have taken the Genesee Farmer from its 

 commencement, can call to mind with what interest 

 they read the glowing account ot Ulmus describing 

 fila Grand Island fai.ni; his oxen, the manner they 

 were sheltered and led ; his plan of o barn and stoblcs, 

 as given in the Cultivator. Also, the numerous orti- 

 cles of L. A. M. , of Tompkins Co., on protection for 

 sheep; and A. B. Allen's description of hie hog pen. 

 These were all interesting articles; but not one of a 

 hundred of your readers, have ten yoke of o.\en to 

 eheltcr, or need a hog pen to accommodate fifiy hogs, 

 or hoy barns to protect eighteen hundred sheep. 



The most of your readers are email farmers, like 

 myself, who have only from one hundred to one hun- 

 dred and fifty acres of land. These are the men who 

 need to he urged to afl'ord protection for their cattle 

 and sheep, although few in number. When you can 

 bring the ordinary farmer to cultivate his lands in the 

 best manner, to own no cattle, hogs, or sheep, but 

 those of the finest order, and afford suitable protec- 

 tion to all these, the great object of agricultural pa 

 pars will have been accomplished. 



Having built a cellar under my barn, and a stable 

 attached to it, which [ think answers a good purpose 

 for a email farm, I propose giving a description of it 

 for your paper, in hopes that so far as the plan is a good 

 one, it may meet with the approval of my brother far- 

 mers, and may perhaps contain some eoasonable sug- 

 gestions to those about building. 



When I came into possession of my farm, a suffi- 

 cient number of buildings were upon it; but the born, 

 built some forty years ogo, in the usual style of hnrne 

 in that early day, hod but liide accommodation for cat- 

 tle. As usual, it was divided into three parts, the 

 bay, floor, and stable. The ground was slightly des- 

 cending, 60 that the end of the barn, in which wis 

 the hay, was near four feet from the ground. Having 

 supported the corners on props, I dug out the earth to 

 a sufKcient depth under the barn and barn floor, and 

 built a substantial wall, enclosing a space of thirty 

 feet square. I then built an addition of si-Ytecn feet 

 on the end of the barn, for stables. The floor of this 

 stable is three feet lower than the born sill. Across 

 this stable, adjoining the barn, is an alley of four feet 

 in width, and from this alley is a passage to the cellar, 

 and by the side of the alley is the manger, as seen in 

 the annexed plan. My slable will accommodate nine 

 head of cattle, arranged according to their strength and 

 pugnacious propensities. I have tried different meth- 

 ods of fastening cottle, end F prefeT a ch.-;ir orounri 



the neck, fastened by a ring and key. This chain 

 posses through a small wooden bow, which slides up 

 ond down a stonlcnl. 



My feed for cottle depends somewhat upon my suc' 

 cess in root ciilturo. I oni now feeding apples and 

 potatoes, and find them answer o good piMiJOsc, al- 

 though I prefer mongcl wurtuel nnd carrots, to any 

 other food for cottle. 



It moy be useless, in thisdoy of improvcment,to enu- 

 merate the benefits of stabling cattle; but I consider, 

 as not the least of these, hoving them at commond, 

 where they are handled and mode docile. In short, 

 the benefits are manifest, open ond confessed by all; 

 but who feels an interest eufilcient to go and do like- 

 wise 1 Yours, &e., MYRON ADAMS. 



Ontario covnly, January 18, 1841. 



The following plan will give the reader a more 

 definite idea of the arrangement : 



A, A, Celhr witli a partition B. 



C, C, Bins for potatoes, apples &c., under the 

 barn floor, filled by driving on to the floor and open. 

 ii'g trap doors. 



D, Alley between the cellar and stables. 



E, Manger. F, F, Stables. 



Scraps, 



CONDENSED FROM EXCHANGE PAPERS. 



Georgia Silk. The Macon Telegraph says, " At 

 a late term of the Inferior Court in this county, one of 

 the Judges appeared on the bench in silk stockings, 

 silk hondkerchief, &c., made by his own family or 

 some of his friends, the production of their own co- 

 cooneries. The ne.\t day another of the judges, A. 

 E. Ernest, Esq., appeared in a full suit of silk, (in- 

 cluding coot, vest, pantoloons, stockings, pocket 

 handkerchief, ond stock,) produced and manufactured 

 wholly and entirely in his family." 



FiKE-PROOF Paint. The Buffalo Commercial Ad- 

 vertiser gives the following method of moking paint, 

 which when opplied to wood, will secure it from both 

 fire ond rain. It is recommended as useful on floors 

 under stoves, and it is stated that wood thus treoted 

 may be converted by fire to charcoal, but will never 

 blaze. 



Dissolve potosh in water till saturated, then odd, 

 first a quantity [how much ?] of flour paste of the 

 consistency of common painter's size, ond secondly, 

 a quantity of pure clay to render it of the consistency 

 of cream. When well mixed, apply it with a brush. 



Brick lining to iiocsks. A correfpondent of the 

 Cultir'ator fiiUd In the walls of h's hcusew.lh vn 



burnt brick, set edgewise. One layer of liard brick, 

 laid flat ot bottom, prevent mice from ascending. — 

 The cost of the brick was $2, 25 per 1000. 



Experiments oh Potatoes. Thomas G. Lofton, 

 in the same paper, gives the following experiment 

 and results; — 



" I plonted five rows side by side, and iho hills I 

 experimented on side by tide; nnd 



1st. row, cut the common size, that is, one large po- 

 tato into 4 or 6 pieces, 4 pieces in n bilL 

 2il. " 4 pieces in a hill, cut oe smoU again. 

 3d. "2 " " sniaik St round ones. 

 4th. "1 " " Inrgeet, without cutting. 

 5lh. "2 " " of Lame size potato. " 



The following are the rcsulte in weight nnd num- 

 ber:— 

 " Ist. row, counted 53 potatoes, weighing W\ lbs. 

 2,1. i< 11 62 " " 103 " 



3d. " " 36 " " 8.i " 



4Lh. " " 37 " " IZl " 



0th. " " 31 " " 8i " 



Lime as manure. B. G. Avery, of Onondaga Vol- 

 ley, near Syroeuse, applied monuic in the summer of 

 1839 to mown land, inverted the sod ond sowed 

 wheat. To other land, more worn, ond previously 

 in wheat, he applied refuse lime from the kiln, about 

 180 bushels to the acre, nnd sowed it. On the ma- 

 nured Innd, the straw wos large, and the grain some- 

 what shrunk; on the limed portion, the straw was not 

 so large, but was bright, the grain good, nnd the yield 

 the greatest per acre. 



Clover among corn. Allen Putnam, the new 

 Editor of the New England Farmer, recommends the 

 practice of sowing clover seed among corn, from per- 

 sonal experience, as being more certain of vegetation, 

 the crop more free fiom weeds the first year, free from 

 grain stalks, easier to mow, equolly abundant, nnd 

 better in quality; ond the young plants are not over- 

 shadowed by grain early in summer, nor too much 

 exposed to the sun after harvest. The mode is, to 

 make no hill, sow ot mid-summer, ond cover with a 

 one-horse borrow, and make all smooth with a hoo. 

 Cut the corn closely to the ground. If necessary, tho 

 surface may be cleared with great expedition while the 

 ground is frozen in winter, by means of a common 

 hand hoe. 



Great crop or corn. The Kentucky Farmer 

 gives the experiment of G. W. Williams, with n cer- 

 tificate of measurement, on n corn crop from an ncre 

 nnd on eighth, which yielded one hundred ond seventy- 

 eight bushels, or more than one hnndrtd and ffiy- 

 eight Irushcls to the acre. The land wos evenly cov- 

 ered with unfermcnted manure, the corn, on early 

 yellow voriely, planted in rows two feet aport ond ona 

 foot in the row, the surfoee kept level, the lond rolled 

 after planting, ond the weeds subsequently cut by scra- 

 ping the surface with o shorp hoe. 



The sckatchisg system. A correspondent of the 

 Western Farmer, in commenting on large forms and 

 miserable ctdtivation, ond recommending a concentra- 

 tion of labors, speaks of a farmer who cultivoted one 

 acre of land adjniiting a field of l/drly acres, both 

 planted with rye; at harvest a bet was made that tho 

 yield of the one acre was equal to that of the thirty 

 ocrcs, but wos lost, the thirty ocres, by accurate mea- 

 surement, yielding three quarters of a bushel the most. 

 Boll, fields he hod seen, nnd also another where tho 

 ovvner oife:ed to dispose of his crop of rye at a dollar 

 an acre, but could find no purchaser at that price ! 



Enormous hog. J. S. Skinner, of the American 

 Farmer, recenlly sow hog, of the Bedford nnd By- 

 field breed, that weighed lost sumnier 900 lbs. Hi» 

 increase Lns been such since, that he ia now cstiniatcU 

 to weigh 1300 pounds ! The owner bos refuted, »t 

 I rnc time- §1:^0, nnd t:l an^Mhrr f 1T5 f.r him. "• 



