ipenrcJ nn.liiic groin was pliinip. The re 

 ol' ihe piece wns nol meieil in ihc lenst. 

 no iiotbing in lUe soil or qunliiy of the Innd 

 eae Ssvvfinlis grew, dilVorcnt I'mni the re?l of 

 A lew rods Ironi the dividing line bc- 

 epring nnd winter wbini, nnd in the Inttcr, 

 led by wlicilt bndly niatcd, wns n bunch of 

 :i>niaining eomc 30 or 40 stalks,) straw pn- 

 'rid and grain plump. It nttrnetcd my nt- 

 when 1 dseovcred a pile of excrement thai 

 \ dropped by n horse, lying at the roots of the 

 Two similar cases were noticed the year be- 



•years since my father hanlcd a number of 

 chip manure on his wheat field, in the fall nf- 

 \'^. leavinL' it in piles of two or three bnehels 

 Through negliuoncc it was left wiihoni 

 g. This field of wheal, particularly in that 

 lero tho chip manure was hauled, was very 

 ijured by rust except around these piles. Here 

 icds brigtU ami Uic grain hatulsome. 

 now notice the first passage quoted above, tlic 

 of which is, that the fnngus is net a parasitical 

 ind the reason assigned for this belief is, thai it 

 10 power to attach itself to, or penetrate the 

 stalks of the wheat." It is evidoH*. in the 

 the spring wheat, that the spondes of the fun- 

 re blown by the wind, {remember it lay ili- 

 ast of the winter leheat,) and became attached 

 talks (whether /(caWiy or not I cannot say) ol 

 at, and thus produced the effect described. Ii 

 probable that the wheat must be in a certain 

 ! regarils its maturity, or rather its approach to- 

 maturiiy; and it is also probable that niut-h 

 •pend on the slate of the weather, to cause the 

 ntion of the fungus. There could have been 

 rent principle to cause the rust in the eight 

 s, that was not common or co-existent with the 

 the piece. The conclusion ie, that the rust or 

 spread from the imitcr wheat, and could ile 

 ation have t iken place sufBciently fast, it would 

 siireod ihrnughout the whol^ piece. But the 

 was advancing toward maturity, and by the 

 he rust had reached the distance it did, the 

 had become more hardened, and the weather 

 unfavorable, its ravaseawere checked. And 

 can account, in a measure, for the escape of the 

 from the rust, in the case of the excrement by 

 irse, and around the chip manure. The roots ol 

 heal were protected from the action of the frost, 

 ic nourishment received from the manure, ad- 

 d it sufiiciently to escape the rust, 

 'ore leaving this part of the suliject, I will notice 

 Tibre facts relative to it. Wheat under shade 

 limost inrariahlij escapes the rust.. In this case 

 round is more compact, and is not acted on by 

 rost so as to injure the wheal; and again, the 

 t, if much shaded, is retarded in its growth, and 

 not be enough advanced to become inoculaierl 

 the disease.- I bad a field of wheat the past sra- 

 which on one side, was shaded by a row of trees, 

 lance of 40 rods. At the lime of harvesting, this 

 id wheat was in the milk, and although this side 

 le field was much injured by the rust, this strip 

 not at all uiTected by it. It was left standing, and 

 mo afterwards I examined it; ii had ripened 

 from rast. The other fact mentioned, has nn- 

 ledly been noticed by almost every farmer. The 

 do land of a field of wheat, which has been 

 ed or trodden doicn by turning the team while 

 'hingand harrowing, Ecnerally escapes the rust, 

 reason is obvious: the wheat is not so much acted 

 11 by the frost, consequently ripens sooner. 

 3 it regards the second passage quoted above, to 

 Tlui/oundi^tu>n or eatifv qf (Jit rti^t vr /ungui 



is thcptttrefijnig mutter discharged f mm the rnptared 

 sap rcsscls of the plant," I shall sriy but little. The 

 peculiar manner in which the spring wheat was af- 

 fected by the rust, (h\ the case given above.) coiuln- 

 sively settles the question. Else why v^ as noi the 

 whole piece rusted t Or why should it have graihial- 

 ly decreased iinlil'it disappeared with the 8ih swarth? 

 " Then, if the disease is contagious, there must be 

 a beginning?" Certainly. But where do the spo- 

 rules of all fungi originate 1 " The leaf and stalk of 

 ihe wheat, then, must be in a certain state or sitaulion 

 to ensure ihe growth of the fungus?" This is the 

 srand question. Wheat most likely to he iifi'.cied by 

 Ibe ru,t, is that which has been injured by the frost, 

 during the winter and spring and kept backed until 

 ihe weather becomes warm, when it grows too rapid- 

 ly, becomes rank and succulent: it advances in ibis 

 state until it has eared out and m the blossom; render- 

 cd still more lender and moist by the damp, warm 

 weather; V c pores swelled to e.tccss, occasioned by 

 the luxuriant flow of enp. It is in this situation, 

 when the seeds of the fungus come in contact with it. 

 They find the right place for their propagation— the 

 fungus soon comes to malurily, the spninles fly from 

 stalk to stidk, perhaps cnrrried by the wind eomo dis- 

 tance; it spreads like wild-fire. J. B. BOWEiV. 

 Aurora, 1841. 



1 once, al Gcrmantown, Pa., eaw Indian coin sown 

 broadcast for fodder. Tho same is done in tho 

 Island of Cuba and other equinoctial countries, too 

 warm and dry fiir grass. 



Of late several clover machines have been ordered 

 from this place to Alabama, where it is said clover 

 thrives well, while Timolhy can hardly be made to 

 live. 



There Is very little doubt but that in Madison and 

 the South part of Oneida ciuntics.in this Slnti',a much 

 larger crop of iiniatoes can be raised for n succiesion 

 of seasons, than in what is called the Goni'sce coun- 

 try, from the fact that this region is higher, cot)l(T, 

 nnd less siihject to sunmier droughts. Bui on llic oth- 

 er band we are, with like tenlion, much more cer- 

 tain ofa crop of corn, ond our clover hay ie better, from 

 the very fact that our climate is warmer and drier. 

 SENECA. 



Making liny. 



The old proverb says, " Make hay when the sun 

 shines;" but there is something else liesidcs sunshine 

 necessary to make good hay. The grass must be cut 

 when it is mature, or the animals that have to eat it 

 Will have a hard bargain. 



Miny people, including some good farmers, judge 

 of the qualitv of common hay by its greenness and 

 brightness. It is a fallacious lest. We have been 

 feeding out, for a week or two, (3 mo. 8,) hay that 

 was as bright as any body could desire, well made 

 without rain, and kept in the barn. It was a mixture 

 of red-top and Timolhy, cut about mid-summer on 

 account of clearing the encloHire for the caule; and 

 which, had it been left to stand one month longer, 

 would have made excellent hay. As it was, the cat- 

 tle ate reluctantly, nnd evidently with some loss ol 

 (Icsb. It is now a pleasure to see with what eager- 

 ness they take hold of hay that was cut afterwards. 



There is a great diHcrence between the natckai, 

 and AivrinciAL grasses. The former, including red- 

 lop and Timolhy, yield their nutriment principally 

 from the stem ; and like the Sugar Cane and other 

 plants of the same natural oroer, should be suffered 

 to stand till the sUms nre mature. On the contrary, 

 ihe leaves ol the artificial grasses, including the 

 clovers and lucern, nre the most valuable pails; and 

 lor this reason, these kinds should be cut when the 

 leaves are in the most perfect slate. t 



For Ihe New Genesee Farmer- 



Agricultural Experimenis— their Dependence 

 on Climate and Soil. 



Messrs. Editors— It strikes me as very impouan. 

 that every correspondent who states the result of his 

 rurnlexperiments, should give the name of the Stole 

 and county in which he lives, in order that ifie eflect 

 of soil and climate may be taken into the account. 



A farmer in Pennsylvania, without giving his lon- 

 gitude, comes out deadly hostile to Timothy hay. giv- 

 ing clover the preference. Eastern Pennsylvania is 

 too warm and dry to be a firsl rate bay country; hence 

 the long tap root of clover pentrnting inio the moist 

 subsoil, is IQus enabled to yield well, when Timoihy 

 is dried up. Not so in the elevated mountain region 

 of north western Pennsylvania. There clover grows 

 rank, nnd its stalk is ligneous and almost worthless, 

 while Timothy attains a perfect growth. 



Peck's Plensant (Xpple.) 

 Some years ago. wo received grafts under this name 

 from Rhode Lland; and though one branch has borne 

 several crops, wo hardly became acquainted with it 

 before this winter, except to observe ihnt it wna gen- 

 erally fair and free from thatsn ut (a Li.-hen ■/) which 

 damages so many sorts of apples in our humid sea- 

 sons. 



I'lvil above the middle s'lC, heavier on one side set- 

 ting the stem rnlher obliquely, somewhat flattened, 

 broadest at the bnse, Sinches in diametei, 2i de.p. — 

 Eye closed in a shallow depression. Slevi three quar- 

 ters of an inch long, inserted in a wide nnd deep 

 cavity. Shin greenish when first gathered, changing 

 as it ripens to n delicate pale yellow, except on tho 

 side next thi-'jun, where it is tinged with pale red. — 

 I'tcsh yellowish while, firm though tender, sub-acid, 

 delicate. 



A dessert apple, keeping through the winter. S 

 mo. 10. It is now in fine condition. 



Its principal delect when it grows on crowded 

 branches in the shade, is a deficiency of flavor ; but 

 where it is of good size — has been fully exposed to tho 

 sun, nnd acquired a fine blush,— il is a very superior 

 fiuit. 



We have seen no notice of this npple except in 

 Prince's Catalogue and in Kenriek's New American 

 Orchardisi, where a meagre description occurs It is 

 ",ven on the authority of Stephen H. Smiih of Rhode 

 Island: " One of the most sale I'jle apples inmaiket 

 —skin smooth — yellow in the shade — a blush next the 

 sun— flavor pleasant and good— nn excellent detsert 



f|-„i[, jjov. Feb." We abbieviatejjie language, not 



having the buok at hand, but endeavor lo preserve ihe 

 substance. 



Qj' A few words in regard to dcecri.'oing fruit: In 

 theory, the calyx (or blossom) is cc,nsideredthe wppet- 

 end because it is more remotg fvom the root, although 

 it may hang below ; and bcnce the Eye of an apple ia 

 described as being ia a depression (a sinking in) while 

 the Stem or SU'.lk is said to be in a cavity i.a hollow 

 below.) t 



Sore Throat In Swine. 



Messrs. Euitors: — Turn animals so efli;cted, into 

 H pasture where ihere is fresh feed nnd ground to root. 

 It id n disease resulting generally irora confinement. 

 Pounded Charcoal mixed with food, where pnstmo 

 cannot be had, or room fur c.\eicise, is one of the best 

 pveventivos of diseases in swine. J. M. 



Discovery of the BU'ect ol I'taster on Land. 



Professor Leibeg, of Giessen, has discoven d that 

 snow nnd ram water always conlniu amiiionia; heneo 

 its presence in the aimuaphere. Platter, (sulphate of 

 lime,) forms this ammonia in the soil, nnd kiej s it 

 there to stimuliile nnd fted vegetation, in the san.o 

 manner as lime prevents the escape of the huiiiic jicid 

 and other fertilizing aasses, liofti animal and vegetable 



