AND (;ai{1)F,m:r's journal. 



67 



buildint; erccieil Inst auasmi wt^s contineteil for 

 percU nt tUirty-sevon niul n half ccnis; nnd half 

 sum additional, was allmvcd for Ibe tender, 

 alls, however, were grouted — tliatis, all the in- 

 Udjs between the stones were tilled with liiiuid 

 ; and this substance must have more lime to set. 

 s roneon not more than three courses a day can 

 in dry weather; and not any when it is sUow- 



qnircs from ten to tweire bnshch of sand to a 

 liesulos the lime when made into mortnr; nnd 

 stones lie in a heap when thrown from the wog- 

 it ns eompncily as they do in the wall. 

 ilible stone buildings are so cheap nswood, as 

 th.>se proprietors believes, they will be much 

 r in the long run; and this will beevident when 

 sider the freqi-ent paintings which ore ncccssa- 

 eep a frame house in decent rcjinir. 



Since writing the above, I have received 

 nniuuicalions from persons who have had eob- 

 noi bouses erected. One says, " the thickness 

 wall is measured from the outsideof the stoitcs. 

 I timber, four by si.\ inches nnd two feet long, 

 !d lor setting the lines. These are laid in tlic 

 i just finished, and the line is drawn through 

 ts just sixteen inches apart." 

 other says, " The cost of cobble is about one- 

 ess than brick; and probably one-quarter or 

 rd less than wood, — on the supposition that the 

 may be had within n mile, nnd sand within two 

 all luiles." It must be evideiu, however, that 

 lense of cobble, brick, wood nnd stone, must 

 oiisidernbly indiffirent places, according to the 

 ot those, ninterinls nnd the distances they have 

 arried.— .-Irt. Cultivator. D. T. 



alfield, Cayuga .o. 



Scraps? 



CONDENSED FKOa EXCHANGE PAPERS. 



GE Or. A Inie number of the Formers' Gabi- 

 iitainsagoodportrait of the os "Pennsylvania," 

 between the Devon and Durham, eight years 

 tely slaughtered at Philadelphia, which weighed 

 alive, 3,350 lbs., or more than a ton and a half. 

 18 sold for the enormous sum of fifteen hundred 

 Ke was only 400 lbs. less than the weight of 

 lebrated *' Durkam ox" in England, the owner 

 ch refused two thousand guineas for him; and 

 bout half a ton less than Dunhill's great York- 

 ).x, which perhaps stands at the head of the list 

 3 kind of monsters. 



tLiTi OF Fuel. According to the experiments 

 reus Bull, of Philadelphia, the following are the 

 ties of different kinds of wood required to 

 off an equal quantity of heat — all to be well 

 led. 



Hickory, 4 cord.", 



White (.ak, 4J " 



Hard maple, 6| " 



Soft maple, 71-5" 



Pitch pine, 917" 



White pine, !)l-5' 



Anthracite coal, 4 tons. 



TS IS Horses. A dose of molasses, is said, on 

 uthority of e-^periment, to be effectual. 

 IAIN Worm. S. W. Jewett, of Middlebury, Vt. 

 B, from some experiments he has made, that the 

 worm may be successfully repelled from wheat 

 by making use of the peculiar and intolerably 

 entcd fluid emitted by the skunk, for that pur- 



lOTH Down Sheep. E. P. Prentice, near Alba- 

 lells these for $20 to §50 each. 

 RAINING. Judge M'Call, of Allegany county, by 

 IS of underdraimng, raised last year n good crop 

 pring wheat, at the rate of "25 bushels to the acre, 

 re the year before the land produced little else 



the coarse water grnsses. He constructs under- 

 ns in soft ground by plncing two pieces of plank 

 dge at the bottom of the ditch, securing their po. 

 n on edge by stakes driven inside, and covering 



a slab. Small notches are cut in the upper edge 



of the plank for the admission of water. A more sub- 

 stantial way, nnd adapted to tjulckeande, is to lay a 

 slab in the bottom, scantling on each edge, and anoth- 

 er slab nt top. 



The Philosopher's Stone found. McDuffco, in 

 his Inte agriculiurni address, speaking of John Ran- 

 dolph, of Roanoke, says, " In the midst of one of his 

 splendid rhapsodies in the Senate of the United States, 

 he iWKsed, and fi.ting bis eyeeon the presiding officer, 

 exclaimed, ' INIr. President, I have discovered the jihi- 

 losopber's stone. It consists in these four plain Eng- 

 lish monosyllables: Pinj ns you go.' " 



Saw Dust, is converted into manure, by the Sha- 

 kers of Canterbury, N. H., by using it as litter for 

 stables. It has a very decided advantage over straw, 

 in the ease with which it mixes with the soil while the 

 manure is yet unfermented. 



Rohan Potato. H. D. Grove, in the Cultivator, 

 gives the result of an experiment to test the relative 

 productiveness of the Rolian ond Merino potato. 

 The soil was in fine condition, bcingsimilar in quality 

 for each variety, but the Rohans received the most at- 

 tention. The Merinos yielded at the rateof 550 bush- 

 els to the acre, nnd the Rohans only 2G3 bushels. We 

 have observed in nearly all accounts of the productive- 

 ness of the Rohnns, statements of the rnte of increase 

 from the seed merely, and not the rate per acre. 



White Carrot. A late number of the New 

 England Farmer, contains several statements of the 

 value of this new variety. It grows partly above 

 ground, somewhat similar to the mangel wurizel. In 

 one experiment, the same number of meur that har- 

 vested in 1839, eighty-two bushels of the orange car- 

 rot, hnrvested in 1810, one hundred nnd eighty-four 

 bushels of the white. Two prize crops, one of the 

 ycllo%v, nnd the other of the white, yielded 23 tons to 

 the acre, of the former, nnd 3S tone to the ncre, of the 

 latter variety. Another crop of the white yielded 26 

 tons to the acre. Another, of 4 acres, yielded nt the 

 rate of 1300 bushels the acre. 



Corn husking machine. The American Farmer 

 contains a figure and description of Goldsbniough's 

 Corn Husker nnd ShcUer, and according to the state- 

 ment of Robert Sinclair jr. & Co., the ninmifnctu- 

 rers, 700 bushels are husked nnd shelled by it in a day, 

 or 1200 bushels shelled, if previously husked. The 

 husks, (stripped ii fine order for mntress mnkers, ) 

 cobs, nnd corn, all pass out together. A boy will rnke 

 the husks nnd cobs from the corn ns fast as discharged. 

 The machine is on the principle ol the common 

 thrashing machine, with a spring concave bed set with 

 fluted rollers. The cost, separate from the horse pow- 

 er, is $35. The mnnufacluiers expressly guarantee 

 them to perform as represented. 



DoRHAM Cattle in England. The following 

 prices were obtained for fine animals of this breed at 

 the Earl of Carlisle's sale last autumn. One at 110 

 guineas (about $.500:) two nt 1.50 guineas (about 

 $700;) one at 320 guineas (about $1500; and one at 

 415 guineas (over $19;)0.) It was from the Earl of 

 Cnrlisle's stock, the fnmous bull Rover, formerly be- 

 longing to Thomas Weddle, was obtoined, nnd from 

 which mo3t of the fine young animals of T. Weddle's 

 stock in this country, originated. * 



Cauada. 



Messrs. Editors — Will not some of your Canadian 

 subscribers give us a sketch of the rural productions 

 of the country, its soil, climnte, geology, iS:c. As 

 we have no primitive rock except the errntic boulders, 

 wliich have been swept over our country from the 

 North, we incline to the belief thnt the geology of the 

 North side of Lake Ontario must abound in primitive 

 rockin-situ. 



It is said that there ore there vnst swamps of red 

 cedar, (Junipems I'irginira ;) that under the 

 earth in these places for many feet in depth, are found 

 large trunks of those trees, apparently of antidcluvinn 

 growth, nnd perhaps of a much wnrnicr clininic thnn 

 in the present day. On this side of the Inko our co- 

 dnr swnmps are filled with the white cednr only, an 

 entirely different genus ( Tlinja occiilcntalis. ) Our red 

 cednr is confined to the East bnuk of the Cayuga and 

 Seneca lakes. §_ w. 



Fee«l of Durham Ctiws. 



We observe thnt Skinner, Colmnn, nnd other men 

 of high authority, consider Durham cattle not adapted 

 to the short postures of the atlantic states, but suited 

 only to the rich lands and luxuriant feed of the west. 

 If ibis is the case, we can mention one very decided 

 exception. The full bred Duihnm cow, in the posses- 

 sion of W. R. Smith, figure in our March number, 

 was kept through the last summer entirely on the shor- 

 test pasture that could be selected, yet during the whole 

 time she contiued so fat that fears of danger in calving 

 were strongly entertnined; the native brced,in the same 

 pasture, continuing in greatly inferior condition. ** 



The Peach Worm, and the Borer. 



While \\\e peiich-worm confines its operations to the 

 pulpy part of the bark, the borer cuts through the sol- 

 id wood. Both insects are occasionally destructive: 

 the former by girdling, prevents the descent of the 

 juices or liquid wood, and destroys the tree by stran- 

 gulation; while the latter by perforating many parts of 

 the alburnum through which the sop ascends, cuts off 

 the chnnnela of its nourishment, nnd destroys the tree 

 by starvation. 



The /)c«c/(-!i-orm in this district is found chiefly, if 

 not entirely, near the root of the peach tiee. The bo- 

 rer, on the other hand, lives in the quince tret, the 

 mountain ash, nnd not unfrequently, the npple tree. 

 We have never known it attack the pear tree, nor any 

 tree from which gum exudes. 



B^th of these insects spring from eggs which are 

 generally deposited in the bark near the giound; but 

 i\ie peach-worm works chiefly downward, so ns to have 

 its habitation protected from the cold of winter by 

 the soil, only coming occnsionnlly to the surface to 

 dispose of its filth. The borer, on the contrary, pene- 

 trating into the interior of the wood, and keeping the 

 entrance of its hole entirely closed, so ns to exclude 

 the cold air, — often works upward; and we have 

 known it, when passing into thepertect state, to leave 

 the tree at the height of more than two feet from the 

 ground. 



We should judge that the easiest way to destroy the 

 peach-icorm, is by scalding, as noticed in our lost 

 number bv a correspondent from Ohio; but this reme- 

 dy would be useless in most cases, ogainst the borer, 

 on account of his ascending progress, nnd his petition 

 in the interior of the tree. We have destroyed them 

 in considernble numbers by menus of n bnrbed wire, 

 but the operation is often tedious from the crookedness 

 of their holes. We have therefore for two years past, 

 endeavored to exclude them from one of their fnvo- 

 rile trees ("a mounlnin nsh) by coating the bark 

 to the height of three feet with tar; and by rol- 

 ling a newspaper round it, to pioteet it from the wea- 

 ther, tied in three or four places; and the plan has 

 succeeded completely. 



The Sorer is the chief cause of the scarcity of quin- 

 ces in this district. We have bad more than thirty 

 trees destroyed by it; but we do not despair. The 

 same process that protects the mounlain ash, will pro- 

 tect the quince tree. Let the stems be single to the 

 height of three or four feet; and only part of a day 

 on the commencement of mild weather, would be re- 

 quired 10 guard a hundred in the niannw Uiat wehavs 

 msntioacd. ♦ 



