74 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



sfPT 



Vol., »o 



Exciesceuces on Plum Trees. 



In a Intejotuney throiigb some purls of Seneca and 

 Ontario counties, we could not but observe the in- 

 crease of these unsightly biinchcB on the plum trees, 

 within the past year; and the inquiry came before us. 

 Have these people no eyes 1 or do they see not that 

 their trees must soon perish unless they lend a helping 

 hand ? Branch after branch becomes loaded, the nu- 

 triment is turned into other channels, and a general 

 decline must rapidly supervene. 



Yet these worms which feed on the best juices of 

 the tree and load it with deformity, are utterly help 

 less, and live entirely through our forbearance or ne- 

 glect. No work is more easy than to destroy them, if 

 we go about it in the right way. Let every man that 

 owns a plum tree and wishes to preserve it, cut off 

 every branch on which these excrescences are found, 

 and burn them to prevent the possibility of the insects 

 escaping. We do not expect however, that worms 

 ■will be found in these old habitations at this season — 

 the perlect insect escaped from them last season: bnt 

 eggs were most probably deposited again in the same 

 branches; and our object is to hove the young worms 

 destroyed. Soon after the receipt of this number of 

 the New Genesee Farmer, begin to watch for new 

 nests, as they will probably appear soon after the 

 tree comes into full leaf. Let the search lie thorough, 

 cut them off and burn them without delay, and there 

 . will be but few to disturb the tree ne.xt year. 



We have observed that this insect is generally not 

 much inclined to travel when it can be accommodated 

 near its native spot. Some limbs are more crowded 

 with these bunches than others; and we have lately 

 seen several trees standing near together that were ru- 

 ined; while two or three others at no greater distance 

 than a few rods, were almost exempt from those rava- 

 ges. We mention this to show that the progress of 

 these insects is moderate — not rushing on in over- 

 whelming numbers like many other insects. Be en- 

 couraged then, and go to work. t 



Oiiv Woollen manufactures prejudiced by the 

 Compromise Act, owing to the duty on fine 

 foreign Wool. Cheap capital and cheap pro- 

 duction makes England a creditor nation-- 

 not her restrictive measures. 

 Messrs. Editors — It was an oversight in the Ira- 

 mersof our Compromise Act, to make the same re- 

 duction in the duties on imported woollens as on any 

 other article; for the reason that England admits for- 

 eign wool into her poits at a merely nominal duty of 

 one penny per lb., while the United States puts a pro- 

 hibitory duty on fine foreign wools. 



The low price of wool in Germany enables the Eng- 

 lish manufacturer to procure his fine stock from 

 thence, much cheaper than it can be procured at home; 

 and as it is imported almost without duty, he can the 

 more successfully compete with our own manufac- 

 tures, who are cut oft by a high duty from a supply of 

 fine foreign wool. Hence the minimum duty of 20 

 per cent, on foreign cloths, which under the compro- 

 mise act is to take effect in 1842, is by no means a suf- 

 ficient protection for our woollen mnnufactures against 

 ^Competition from abroad. 



In 1824 the duty on foreign wool in England was 

 6d. sterling, about 11 cts., per lb. But in order to 

 give the woollen manufacturer a boon to compensate 

 him for the effect of our high tariff on British wool- 

 lens, the British government reduced the duty on for- 

 eign wool to one penny per lb. Hence the hardship 

 of the provisions of our compromise act in relation to 

 woollen cloth, as it reduces the duty on foreign fine 

 cloth, without a correspondent reduction of the duty 

 on fine foreign wool. 



Should Congress take off the duty on foreign wool, 

 our wool growers would havg a right to complain. 



What then is to be done for our woollen manufactu- 

 rers ? I reply, revise the compromise act so as to 

 give them that relief which their necessities and the 

 justice of their cause demands. Let the advocates of 

 free trade reflect that in a moderate protection extended 

 to our woollen manufactures, they are also encoura- 

 ging the wool growers, by giving to this class of our 

 ognciilturists that stability of demand, and consequent 

 regular profits, tbey have never yet enjoyed. 



The friends of a high tariff in the United States are 

 continually urging that England extends towards her 

 manufacturing interests, an almost unlimited protec- 

 tion. On examination we find that out of 1150 arti-' 

 cles on which an impost duty is levied, imly 20 of 

 them pays a duty for protection — the remaining 1130 

 paying a duty for revenue only. Is it not rather the 

 cheapness of capital and the low price of labor, rather 

 then a highly pi»tective tariff, which enables England 

 to sell 60 much, ond to become the great creditor na 

 tion of both the civUizcd and pagan world ? 



Much has been said of late about the prejudicial 

 operation of the English Corn Laws upon the trade of 

 the United States. What right have we to complain 

 of England for thus saving her agricultural interest 

 from utter prostration and ruin, by the free admission 

 of our more cheaply raised productions ? We have at 

 least one salvo in our dilemma — the protection Eng- 

 land gives to her agriculture is a direct charge upon 

 her manufacturing interests. Manufacturing Eng- 

 land, under her corn law restrictions, is a much less 

 dangerous competitor to manufacturing America, than 

 she woidd be if American bread stuffs were admitted 

 free into English ports. 



There is another reason why the recinding of the 

 English corn laws would fail to give any considerable 

 demand for bread stuffs from the United States. 

 Germony and the north of Europe, can at all times 

 Bupnly England with grain on quite as good, if not 

 better, terms than the United States. 



Let farmers then, instead of depending on the devi- 

 ces of legislation, learn to look to their own rcsoujces, 

 and " make not haste to be rich." Let them diversi- 

 fy their productions to suit the varied capability of the 

 soil, and the probable state of the markets. If prices 

 are low, so far as the farmer is the consumer of his 

 own productions, he loses nothing. If his surplus 

 does not bring as much as in other times, neither does 

 the manufactured article he needs cost as much. If 

 he owes old debts, he is indeed the loser by the cheap- 

 ness of the times; but this loss must he chargeable to 

 the year in which the debt was incurred, and not to 

 the present era of exploded humbug and sober reality. 



S. W. 



From the (London) Gardcmr's Chronicle of Feb. 27. 



Trees and Shrubs. 



The following list of the newest and most remarka- 

 ble deciduous trees and shrubs, embraces all the more 

 desirable, but many of them are at present extremely 

 rare: — 



Lcijcrstcria formnsn, a handsome shrub from the 

 North of India, produces its white flowers in August, 

 and makes a pretty appearance with its red bracts 

 which surround the llowere, and large leaves. It is 

 particularly valuable in exposed situations near the sea 

 where the bracts and leaves as-sume a deeper color. 



Paiclowiiia iii'/jeriafis, a low tree from Japan, in 

 appearance very like Catalpa syringEefolia, has beauti- 

 ful hiac-colored flowers. 



Cornus macrophyUa and [C] grandis, handsome 

 shrubs, growing from 10 to 12 feet high — the former 

 from the nortfi of India, and the latter from Mexico. 



Caragitna Gerardiuiia, a handsome lowshrttb with 

 yellow tlowe'B from the north of India. 



CydsiiS Wcldcnii, a shrub from Dalmatia, produ 

 cing spikes of yellow blossoms, like a Laburnum, but 

 the spikes have an ascending direction instead of be- 

 ing pendeitt. 



Spir(Eii LiiidlcT/mia, a fine species from the North 

 of India, nearly related to the well known S. sorbifo- 



S. cuiui/olia, [S. ] laxijiora, [»S' ] vaccinifa 

 and ['S'. ] rotundiJ'oUa, are also from the North of 

 dia, and ftirm pretty low shrubs S. fissu from Mi 

 CO, is a handsome shrub, growing from 15 to SO 

 high. 



Lonk'cra Lrdcboiiriij a curious plant from Cal: 

 nia, remarkable for its bright blue berries. 



The genua Philudd/ilais has had several accesi 

 from the north of Indju and Mexico. P. Gordo; 

 iiiisUom No I th west America, is one of the finest 

 cies, bearing its while flowers in great profusion in 

 ly, and forming a bush fjom 8 to 10 feet high. 

 mcxicanus from Mexico, [P.] triflorus and [P.] 

 mcntosits from the North of India, arc also desin 

 plants well adapted for the shrubi ery. 



Dciiizia coryinhosa, from the Himalayas, produj 

 white flowers in June. 



Bcrhcris coriaria is a handsome species from 

 north of India, with fine evergreen leaves and yeli 

 flowers. 



Coriaria nepahnsis is a fine plant for a wall. 



Kibes Meiiztcsii with scarlet flowers from Noi 

 west America, and [fi.] glaciate with white flowj 

 irom the North of India, deserve a place in every 

 lection of plants. 



Araliajaponica, a cvr'ioiiB shrub from Japan, gro*. 

 ing from 12 to 20 feel high. 



BcUila Rhojputtra, a very handsome large tree frOB 

 the Himalayas, nearly related to the common birch, 

 Amygdaius incavu, a Caucasian species, is extreme 

 ly ornomental in April, when covered with iis brigil 

 pink flowers; and in the summer, ils light green leav^ 

 covered with while down on the underside, mnkai 

 good contrast when planted among evergreens. Jl 

 Ptillasii frcm Russia, is also a pretty low shrub. ' 



Cletnalii Hmdcrsonii, agaidenvariety [a hybiidj] 

 isperhopsthe handsomest of the genus, producing j 

 profusion of large purple flowers from June to Si 

 lember. It is adapted to covering a bower or trelli 

 work, ond if trained umbrella fashion on a lawn, woi 

 form a most beautiful object. 



Atrtigcne Tnacropctala, a Siberian creeper is byflo 

 means unworthy of a place on a wall. 



Acer colchicum &ai [_A.'\ Lohelii, the former a n^. 

 live of Colchis and the latter of Italy, form bandsorM 

 low trees. A. Lohelii is remarkable for the fine puj. 

 pie bloom which covers its young shoots. 







iiniiy. 

 ion, oil 

 roBiiiI 



Decayed Turnips. 



Seeing many inquiries as to the couse of the rotting , '^ 

 of a turnip crop, without the least appearance of tbg 

 disease externally, and having had much experience 

 in the raising root-crops of various kinds, I would 

 say, the evU arises from a wet and retentive subsoil 

 Four years ogo I sowed a Iresh broken up piece of 

 land with ruta bags; it had been in wood, and thii 

 was the fiist cultivated crop that had been raised upon 

 it. The plants came well, and fiouiished for a season, 

 when some of ihem began to turn blue, and they were 

 then soon full of the animal, called familiarly the 

 plant louse; others, however, retained their healthy 

 appearance, while their internal parts were one moee 

 of corruption; audit was curious to observe, on put- ' 

 ting one's foot on a large healthy looking turnip, and 

 full of foliage, how suddenly the whole superstructure ! 

 would crush down into complete rottenness, the shell 

 not being more than half an inch in thickness. On 

 examining the tap roots of many of them, they were 

 lound rotten, although the disease hod not extended, 

 in some cases, to within several inches of the bulb, 

 while the effluvia which arose from many, even oflbe 

 comparatively sound looking roots, was convincing 

 proof of incipient decoy. Many of the roots, to ap- 

 pearance perfectly sound, were packed away for win- 

 ter provender, but I believe I may say, that no one of 

 them proved in reality so, and no cat.le would touch 

 them. 



The winter following revealed the truth, for, on ex- 

 amining the land, it was found to be full of stagnant 

 water to within a few inches of the surface; since 

 then it has been drained and well cultivated, and I 

 have no idea that the crop of turnips which I intend 

 to grow upon it the present season, will decay on the 

 land. Should they, however, deceive me, 1 will tell 

 the truth, and intorm you of the result, "rieht or 

 wrong."— /"«)■. Cii. J. STURGES. 



From the J^cm England Farmer. 



Decayed Turnips. 



I observed in the lost number of the Farmer, an ar- 

 ticle from the Farmers' Cabinet, in which it is stated 

 that this disease is the consequence of a wet or too re- 

 tentive suhsod. That a soil of this description is not 

 suitable to the cultivation of turnips, is generally ad- 

 mitted; but bow does Mr. John Sturges account for 



Wnf 



