110 



THE NEW GENESEE FARRIER, 



Vol.' 



tocust Trc<sijs the West. 

 The Feoria, 111., Democratic Picss, in an interesting 

 -manner, ehv'.vs the great profits of cultivating this 

 tree. It is of advantage to culti-'/ate it in any fection 

 of the U. S. ; but here on our prairies, wliere bo 

 iiiuch is said of the scarcity of timber, it is worthy of 

 much altention. Besides being of most rapid growth, 

 it furnishes one of the most durable kinds of timber : 

 and if rail-fence3 are to be used, (whidi we trust will 

 not be geneially.) the farmer will fiiid it for his imer- 

 €St to give immediate attention to its culture. The 

 Press makes the following estimate : 



Prairie, 10 acres, at .f 3pcr acre, $30 



Rails and putting np a itacc round do. C5 



Seed and attention to mil s ry, 20 



Breaking up prairie, putting it in order, and 



setting out seeds, 40 



Subsequent rittention to same, fence, etc. 85 



At 6 per cent, compound inierest, this sum, 

 $'iyO — in ten years will nea4y double, 

 TT.alving 380 



Deduct this from G,400 trees, 12 years old, 



say at only 50 cent each 3,200 



Jjoaves a net profit of .9'2,S20 



If wc remember right, on the old homestead in 

 Conn., they used to get.ftl per cubic foot for this tree 

 for ship-building ; so that the estimated value of the 

 trees at 12 years old may bo considered quite low. 



The following are the instructions of the editor for 

 its cultivation, who says he is qualified by experience 

 to give advice. He signilicantly remarks : 



'^You'll begin this spring. The locnst is raised 

 either frcm the seed or suckers ; but as the former 

 mode is best adapted to our present Murj.o.e, we shall 

 confine our remarks to it. Select a loo.l and a half or 

 two roods of ground that has bi_..i under cultivation 

 several years, and which is of a ri-.-h loamy soil, neith- 

 er too wet nor too dry ; put it in fine coniJiiion, and 

 having procured the seed, in order to make them veg- 

 etate freely, pour upon them boiling water and let them 

 soak a few hours. Then sow them in drills three or 

 fonr feet apart, and two or three inches distant in the 

 drills, covering tuem nearly as thickly as you would 

 corn. But, we would have you bear in mind that 

 this should be done while the earth is moist, and when 

 done the whole should be passed over with a roller of 

 Butlicient weight to press together the earth so as to 

 favor the retention of moisture which will accelerate 

 the germination of the seed. If these directions are 

 strictly adhered to, the seed will come up as certainly 

 and regularly as beans, and in nrany en.";? the young 

 trees will attain the height of four feet the first seaeoii. 

 Care should be taken that they be kept free from 

 ■weeds, and they may remain in their seeding location 

 two years. At the end of this time, transplant them 

 to the ground designed for the purpose, and which 

 must, during the time the seedlings occupy their place 

 in the nursery, lu enclosed, broken up and prepared 

 for their reception. There is no dilFiculty in trans- 

 planting them, and where the roots are taken up care- 

 fully it is a rare case to see a tree die. To give the 

 above number of trees in the 10 acres they must be 

 set 8 by 8J feet apart. In about two years after they 

 nresetout, the ground will afford a superior pasture 

 to which it may be applied without detriment to the 

 trees." 



" But, you'll say we have made no allowance for 

 paper cfilciilation. True, we will therefore now throw 

 in, to make up for that objection, the ten acres of land 

 with the locust stumps, which will be of immense 

 value for a new growth of trees, that will follow with- 

 out a nursery, and with less care, more certainty and 

 greater rapidity, than the first crop, at the same time 

 affording an almost ine-xhaustibie source for locust 

 suckers." 



The Fruits of the Soil. 



The statistics accompanying the returns of the last cen 

 BUS show, thit the sixteen millions of people who live 

 within the limits of the United States, possess lumber 

 to the value of upwards of eleven millions of dollars, 

 which, with brick and stoneof an incjictilable amount, 

 constitute the materials for their dwellings. The in- 

 come of their orchards which grow around those dwel- 

 lings is upwards o( six millions of dollars in value. 

 They had more than twenty-six millions of pounds of 

 wool to convert into brnaucloths, blankets, and hosiery, 

 &c., with which to shelter their persons from the in- 

 clemency of the weather, more than a thousand mil- 

 iion of pounds of cotton to manufacture into various 

 useful and necessary garments, and more than three 

 hundred thousand pounds of silk for elegant an 1 fan- 

 cy dresses. The amount of their fln.'s and hemp uni- 

 ted, was nearly a million of Ions. 



For tlie food that w.is to sustain and nourish them, 

 they had, the last year, more thon 73 miUiouG bushels 

 of whest, equal to more than 14 millions of barrels of 

 wheat flour, a rare article with those who subdued and 

 settled this domain. They had also more than seven- 

 teen millions of rye; upwards of six millions of buck- 

 wheat, and three millions of bushels of barley. The 

 value of the poultry that strolled about the yards and 

 enclosures, was more than nine millions of dollars. 

 The number of swine was upwards of twenty millions, 

 and the number of sheep more than nineteen millions. 



These people of the United States had the last year, 

 more than 300,000 bushels of Indian corn, and 

 more than ninety-nine million bushels of potatoes, 

 and upwards of thirteen millions neat cattle, which 

 furnished them milk, butter and cheese, &c. to the 

 value of more than thirteen rniii:ons of dollars. They 

 had at their command the labor of more than three 

 millions horses and mules, and upwards of an ban- 

 died and six millions bushels of oats, and nine mil- 

 lions of tons of hay, on which to feed these and their 

 other cuttle. To sweeten whatever seemed acid or 

 bitter to the taste, they had more than two hundred 

 and eighty million pounds of sugar. Their land yield- 

 ed to them, for their indulgence, more than seventy- 

 seven million pounds of tobacco, and upwards of two 

 hundred and seven thousand gallons of wine with 

 which to cheer thsir hearts. Such is the income of 

 the soil only; and yet with all this income they are over 

 head in debt. The public debts alone, in a time of 

 profound peace, are estimated r.t near two millions of 

 dollars. — New York Journal of Commerce. 



The Silk Business in Pennsylvania. 



On Saturday last, we visited the extensive cocoone- 

 ries owned by Judge Blythe and Mnj. Sneively. — 

 These enterpiising gentlemen have three cocooneries 

 in the vicinity of our borough "in the full tide of suc- 

 cessful experiment," and by their estimate they are 

 now feeding between four and live millions of silk 

 worms. As yet the worms are all healthy and doing 

 well, and we trust these gentlemen will meet with the 

 most perlect success in their enterprise, as it will have 

 a tendency lo encourage others to go into the business. 

 We have also, since visited the cocooneries of Wm. 

 Bell and the Rev. John AViiiebrenner, and in the 

 building of the latter gentleman, we saw a large num- 

 ber of his worms spinning, having come lo maturity 

 and spun their cocoons in three weeks, notwithstand- 

 ing they are called four weeks' worms. In regard to 

 the duraljiliiy of Pennsylvania silk, we con speak 

 from experience. The writer of this article has worn 

 a figured satin vest for two seasons and has it on now 

 for the third, and the service it bus gone through has 

 not been of the ordinary kind : yet it is neither worn 

 through at the pocltets nor frayed at the arm holes. 

 We sincerely liope that the business may go on and 

 prosper until we are able to manui'ecture all silk goods 

 worn in this country. — Keystone. (Harrislrwrg, Pa. J 



Protection Against Bi-onght. 



In tillage, the best protection against drought that 

 can be conveniently practiced to a great extent, is fre- 

 quently stirring the earth, so as to keep it light ond 

 loose. In this way, the earth at the surface is in ma- 

 ny small particles, v, hich ?crve as a non-conductor of 

 moisture, and retains it below, where the roots obtain 

 a supply. 



On the contrary, when the earth is hard ond com- 

 pact, the moisture isrerdily conducted off through it, 

 even to a great depth in a very dry lime. As an illus- 

 tration, if one end of a long bar of iron be put into a 

 fire, the heat will readily pass to the other end; but it 

 that bar be cut into pieces of one inch or less in 

 length, and laid along in the manner of a bar, the 

 pieces would touch in some places, and in others there 

 would be a small space between them; and on heating 

 one end, the other would not be effected, as the heat 

 would not pass but a small space through the pieces. 



Again, we will suppose that a fire of intense heat be 

 made on a block of iron, that is fonr foot square, and 

 ten feet high, the body of iron would fast become heat- 

 ed downward, even to the bottom. Now, if that iron 

 should be cut or broken into line pieces, and a body of 

 iion formed of these pieces, of the same size as the 

 block, and a fire of like degree of bent made thereon, 

 the fire would work down slowly, after penetrating a 

 small distance through the many particles, and the air 

 intervening between them. We give this as the theo- 

 ry. It is the practice, as in all other thing's, that wo 

 rely on as the foundation of true science. 



There is in a dry time, a great quantity of moisture 

 in the earth, that is continually vising and passing off 

 in evaporation; and if this evapoiation can he prevent 



ed, in a great measure by a non-comiucior, of m 

 tare at the surface, the plants will suffer comijaiati 

 ly but little. This is abundantly shown in praclic 



Those who have not witiietded from experiigi 

 and observations the advantages of fine loose earm ^' 

 the surface, as a protection of plants against? 

 drought, w.iuld not be likely lo suppose its cfli^otl ''i j 

 great as it is, though the theory is plausible and real *!,■ ^ 

 able. Corn and other vegetables that have been V 'V^ii 

 hoed in extremely dry times, have flourished X# •.*;„ 

 while some puriB left for experiment, were nearly # f" 

 troycd by drought. . 1*^^ 



We noticed the powerful effects of this protect y 

 iiiBt season. We cultivated a few acres, moatly? l" . 

 land, and the drought was severe indeed. Where '" i 

 soil was frequently stirred and kept light and loose 

 the top, there 



from the top; but where the earth remained unmff, ff 

 it dried to a great depth. »' ' 



A narro^v strip, running across the piece, was 

 for turnips, and remained unploughed. On this 

 soil became dry below the usual depth of ploughi 

 and the weeds were almost dead for want of m 

 ture, while at the side, weeds of the snnie kind in 

 the edge of the ploughed ground, were fresh ond iP?. 

 orous, and the soil was dry only a few inches on 

 surface. 



Where some grain was sowed, the earth was 

 down six or seven inches; while by the side of 

 where the soil was often stirred, it was dried do 

 only three or four inches. And in this latter case, 

 moist earth had a good degree of moisture, while 

 former contained hut little. _^ 



On this subject an intelligent cidlivator obserw •!' 

 that he would rather have six men among lands. 



0Hl 



ring the earth to keep it loose and fine, in a sev ''"' 

 die ught, than to have the same number of men enB*" 

 ged in watering the plants — Yanliee Farmer. 



The Duty to tabor. 



'The world owes mc a good living, and I'll h 

 it,' says some blackleg, as he finishes a luxuriant 

 past; ' here, landlord, another bottle of your pri 

 Madeira 1' Haifa dozen empty-headed fops, wUo 

 gazing on him. by stealth, in silent admiration, ' 

 the sentiment with a shout of applause: ' That's 

 The world owes us a good living and we'll have it 

 landlord, more wine here I 'we won't go home 

 morning.' Let's go it while we are young. V 

 cares for the expense ?' The consequence of this 

 the pilfering of money diawers, the ignominious 

 of employment genteel loaferism, and so on, until 

 of these enterprising gentlemen, in eager pursui 

 the 'good living' the world owes him, puts the wn 

 man's name to a check, or in some kindred way j 

 a ticket for the marble palace at Sing-Sing, wh 

 the State provides 'a living' for those it consic 

 deserving, but notjust such a one as consists wiih d 

 own estimate of their exalted merits. 



The great error in this case is in the original m 

 im. It is false ond detestable. ' The world o\ 

 you a living?' How owes? Have you earnc-i 

 by good service 7 If you have, whether on the 

 vil, or in the pulpit, as a toiler or a teacher, you h ' 

 acquired a just right to a livelihood. But if you h 

 eaten as much as you have earned, or — worse stil 

 hove done litde or no good in the world, the wi 

 owes j'ou nothing. You may be worth millions, i 

 able to enjoy every imaginary luxury without car 

 cl?iirt; but if you have done nothing to increase 

 sum of human comforts, instead of the world ow 

 you a living, as f lols hove babbled, you are niorall 

 bankrupt and a beggar. 



Mankind ore just awaking to a consciousness of 

 duty resting on every man to be active ond useful 

 his day and in his sphere. All are not called lo 

 or hew — to plough or plane — but every man hat 

 sphere of usefulness allotted him by Providence, i 

 is unfaithful to his high trust if he deserts it for i 

 pomp or heedless hi.tury. One man may be fitted ''' 

 nature and inclination for an artisan, another fo 

 sailor, and a third for a merchant; but no man v 

 ever born, fitted only to be an idler ond a drone, 

 Those who become such ore the victims of perve 

 circumstonces, and a deplorably false education. 



" But has not a rich man a right to enjoy 

 wealth?" Most certainly: We would be the last 

 deprive him of it. He has a natural and legal rij 

 to possess and enjoy it in any manner not injurious H^ 

 others, but he has no moral right to be useless becai 

 he has superior means of being useful. Let hirn si 

 round himself with all the comforts and trueliixur 

 of life; let tue masterpieces of art smile on him in ) 

 gallarics, and the mighty minds of all ages speak 

 him from hie library. Let Plenty d«cU his hoard, a 



