AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



131 



e noieil, and there reinnins ne grown in the Smtc 

 cw V.irif, 4,72!),I6^ Inishele; givine to Ohio tin 

 rt irado of wheat over Western New York of 

 ; ih^n 2* niiUiona ofbushe'e. or nearly 50 pur 

 llnnyllour has been sent from Rodiester to 

 ailn, this result will he so far nlfectcd, but we ap- 

 end little if any hns been sent, 

 hero entered at RulValo and Black Rock peretate- 

 t of Custom House at Hutljilo. I.W'i.SSS bush- 

 f whoit, and cleared from BuHnlo, per Canal 

 octcir'a elutrnient (5^9,035 barrels of Hour. The 

 npiion of Butl'alo and vicinity of western Hour 

 r>nl thousand barrels more: besides small sni>- 

 old to parts belwccn Ohio and Kutfalo. 

 aere entered the Wclland Canal 200,016 birrels 

 ur. and l,t'33,~t)5 bushels ol wheat, which ad- 

 c figures at BulVulo and Black KocU, makes 

 .' export Irom Lake Erie 7,809,908 bushels, 

 rowth of the Wc, tern States — a surplue we 

 shcnd not illy comparing, the relative extent of 

 d papulation being also c.msidered, with that 

 h V. as finrnered by .Iose,>h for PharJah, in years 

 1 E;;ypt yielded oven m«re than her usually abun- 

 harvesla. We observe here, that in one county 

 ring on Lake Michigan, the harvest ofwlieat 

 mmnier was diniiiiishod by blight from what was 

 ctod ns cal'/ulated by a committee, of 500,000 

 els. This quantity, so large, has not been brought 

 )y high prices, for the vecy opposite has rnl.^d. 

 f the quantity pa.'^sing the Welland canil there 

 ed at OswagJ 707,157 bushels of wheat, and 

 barrels of Hour: and of this 83,839 bushels of 

 !it, 110.300 barrels of flour wore shipped east on 

 and from Oswego, and 35,579 barrels of flour to 

 ada. 

 quantity as before stated by Governor 



ward 10,4SJO,870 



uct shipmcRts from Buffalo and Os- 



4,691,402 



Great Britain. But it would eecin that Canada has 

 not raised her otrn braid; for, deducing 



Kor western money eent her, 2,309,441 



Ilercvports obovo 1,688,195 



Tho dulicioncy is, G21 ,248 



But let us follow this flour to the ports of Great 

 Britain, admitted as it is by n very singular and fa- 

 vorably constructed tarili' lor Colonial Commerce. 

 There have boon for several monlha shipments of 

 llour, not to a large extent it is true, making from 

 New Yoik to Eng!an<l, and if tho same amount of 

 exportation of Montreal aitil Quebec above had been 

 mado from New York and tho price in England equal 

 to 62«. sterling per quariei', the duties would have 



been, $1,085,358 



But being from Canada they were only, . . 220,398 



«'n in New York as before, 4,729,486 



ped from Cleveland oa before noted,. 4,755,950 

 he average aimual export of wheat and flour from 

 Thole United States for an indefinite period past 

 tot equalled that of Cleveland the past season, 

 t to New York, Baltimore has the largest flour 



on the sea board; but the inspections there nev- 

 ached 600,000 barrels till the past season by the 

 rsion which the tide water eonal his elTected, the 

 jctiona exeoedod 700,000 barrels, or say 4,000,000 

 els of wheat: New York receives fluur from all 

 : of the west and sotith, yet her inspections had 

 r been so large as tho receipt at Cleveland the 

 ■season till 1833. A^ain, if we estimate the re- 

 -satNeiv Orloons and the quantity sold on the 



above at 500,000 barrels, ihs west, besides sup 

 ig a large emigrant population furnishes more 

 at than the rest of the Union. We may re- 

 i here that the crop of corn the past season in 

 I, Indiana an! Illinois, cannot be estimated much 

 ;r 100,000,000 bushels. 



would appear that the quantity of western wheat 



to Canada, including the flour from Oawcgo and 

 imall quantity of wheat to Ogdensburgh, was 

 d to 2,309,443 bushels. 



he Canal Commissioners of New York in their 

 innnal report stnte the business of the Welland at 



00 tons, whereas the wheat alone exceeds that 

 unt; and if the jiroduee of the west going through 

 Welland had entered at Buffalo it would have 

 led the whole amount of tolla of the Erie Canal 

 iwards of ^2,000,000. Less than one-third, as 

 :cn, of western wheat went to Canada to twenty 

 rent points above Montreal; and so did even this 

 ion fill thcsa ports with an avalanche rush, thai 

 ,ar:ners, waking up to tho threatened destruction 

 leir iniereits as they conceived, immediately pc- 

 ned tho Home Gr.ernment to lay duties on the 

 ortati-m of thur and wheat from the U:ii'.ed S'atCK 



the provinces, vinually shutting out the unwel 

 .e Hood. We heard also how tho accumulation 

 increased at one point -if the transit, (Kingston,) 

 complete glut, choking up the St. Lawrence, 

 occupying not only ail the facilities of transport 



1 line of navigation travsrsed for nearly two cen- 

 03, but had 60 taken up all the means of sto.'age 



large quantities lay out of doors for some time, 

 finally, many vessels awaiting to be discharged 

 "ormed l 



The dilllrenco being the benefit to colo- 



nial commerce, $864,960 



or about 51 cents per bushel. 



But to return — such is the West; the "garden" 

 and the granary of America, sending her products 

 from the interior of a cojitinent in every possible direc- 

 tion, taxed na they are by the charges of nn inland 

 traaspoitation of 1,000 miles before they can reach the 

 open markets of the world: giving the stotT ot life to 

 the langnishing factories of New England, to Old 

 England, to Canada, and the Cotton and Sugar plant- 

 ations of the South. 

 We have stated the export trade of Lake 



Erie in 1840 at 7,809,908 



The shipments of wheat and flour from 

 Bufliilo in 1820, tho first year after the 

 Erie Canal was completed — the Wel- 

 land not opened, were "453 tons," or 14,045 

 Such has been the growth of this cne item, of the 

 commerce of Lake Erie in the short sp ae of fourteen 

 years, since the departure of the first conal boat from 

 her waters was announced by the splendid and unriv- 

 alled telegraphic cannonade; marking on era in the 

 commercial history of America, second only to that of 

 its discovery by Columbus: Such is the past — of the 

 future; imagination returns from the contemplation 

 with fatigued wing and proclaims, " tap Lake Erie" 

 at as many points as you will, and with such di- 

 mensions as you will, the avenues sholl all be fill- 

 ed. Here ia a commerce suddenly waked into life, 

 uot diverted from other channels, but yicic created; 

 yet more important than that which for centuries had 

 traversed interior Asia, borne hy the slow end weary 

 uaravan, halting at tho gates of magnificent Palmyra 

 on its way to renowned and commercial Tyre and 

 other Phcenician ports of tho Mediterranean, or that 

 subsequently, by another route, for ISOO years depoa- 

 led its wares in the ampler store houses and more 

 splendid shops of metropolitiin Alexandria and Venice; 

 or which at a later period, without reshipment, re- 

 warded Portuguese enterprise in the success of a Vos- 

 co de Game. If 



" Westwaril the star of empire takes its way," 

 westward to.i, moves the star of comaierce. 



The mind in looking at this great change seeks to 

 find what it is, that, with such rapidity is transform- 

 ing a vast wilderness into fruitl'ul fields; where laan 

 had first to cut his path into that wilderncse, build his 

 cabin, and clear away the forest before this stream ot 

 commerce could begin to flow. The construction of 

 lake harbors and the use of steam navigation have had 

 a great influence in this matter; but towering high 

 above all other agencies stands that of the Erie Canul. 

 Th'it was the key that unlocked treasures of ever in- 

 creasing value and ever augmented growth. Truly 

 lortunate among the sons of men was Uc whose mind 

 was instrumental in cflecting such strides in his coun- 

 try's glorious career. Yet that individual, who, more 

 than a third oi a century sir.cc, grasped the mighty 

 thought and gave through the press puldicity to tho 

 grand design in his "Occrlandrouic, of'Jic Eric Cn-i- 

 al"* has never had tlie slightest recognition from his 

 own state that receives the yearly increosing revenue 

 from its tolls. Not less has the National Treasury 

 overflowed from the sales of the public domain to 

 which the influence of that canal has so muck contri- 

 buted. 



We mingled in tho throng that in last summer's 

 solstice congregated on the green spot of Mauraee's 

 banks, the story of whose defence had impressed it- 



pursuing "the even tenor of its way" far on wbor,c 

 the battle field of " Tippecanoe" echoes ttiits thrilling 

 tones — where tho Wabash rolls its tide toward Mit- 

 sissippi's flood — teo that boat bearing on it» return 

 the rich harvests from that colcbratciMield of song. — 

 That canal is one of tho daughters of tho Erie conul, 

 with others of n nnmcious sisterhood, banging its 

 tribute to the mutual improvement. But ere the 

 clash of arms was heard on that llclil, there had been 

 developed in another quarter tho project, that laid tho 

 foundation of thia noiilicrn line of commerce which 

 has ah'eady encircled this interior spot with tho arms 

 of its mighty intluonco, and is fast pervading every 

 part of the illimitable west. 



But however unmindful of his eminent service* 

 rendered, the generation to which he belongs may 

 be, posterity may do him justice. Indeed the enlarg- 

 ed canal itself and its increasing businef-s will be a 

 monument, raised still higher, and the record more 

 indelibly luade, of the merits of Jesse Hawley. It is 

 quite beyond the limits of a closing article to even 

 hint at the benefits which the West has derived fioin 

 his labors. But while wc survey with him the vivid 

 panorama of human industry and happincs-, which ho 

 was instrumental in producing, we would for a mo- 

 ment, point him to that part of tho picture where, on 

 a western prairie, he could see "one field of 20,000 

 acres of wheat" waving its golden head to the passing 

 breeze; and parting with him who would not forget, 

 that his liand touched the spring that set in mo- 

 tion a malTy thousand wheeled machinery, growing 

 more complex and extended, the hum of whose 

 noise shall be heard far down the vale of time. — 

 If he is worthy of tho gratitude of tuankind who 

 makes two blodes of gross to grow where but one 

 grew before, what shall be the measure of praise 

 awarded to him, who had such an agency in tho pro- 

 duction of 60 great harvests ns we linve considered. 

 A. PENFIELD. 



Oa Bian as a Mamure. 



Sir — As this is the season for preparing the turnip 

 crops, I am desirous of calling the attention of your 

 readers and the scientific agriculturists, to the consid- 

 eration of bran (the husk of wheat) ns a manure, not 

 only for turnips, but also for wheat and gross. Tho 

 great locility thot every farmer has of obtaining it 

 from his neighboring miller, ond its exceeding cheap- 

 ness, (now about £4 10s. per ton,) warrants llieir 

 trying a series of experiments in drilling it with the 

 turnips and wheat, and putting it over their grass 

 loods as a top-dressing; substituting it for bone ond 

 other manures, which are costing two or three times 

 as much oa the bran would. 



Experiments have been tried but not extensively 

 enough to warrant its being said how much is saved 

 in expence, and what quantities per ace ought to he 

 used to render the best return. 



It is to this point that I wish attention to be directs 

 ed, and as Sir Humphrey Davy in his " Elements of 

 Agricultural Chemistry" writes — "Nothing is more 

 wanting in agriculture than experiments in which all 

 the circumstances arc minutely and scientifically dc- 

 tjilel" — would some of your readers assist this object, 

 and drill a small portion in eoch of their fields of 

 wheat and turnips, with bran in quantities from 3 to 

 6 cwt. per acre, ond report the result in your paper; 

 that is, the quality of the other manure used, the res- 

 pective cost for manuring an acre, the yield, and the 

 quality of the ground experimentalized upon. 



The following extracts from Liebig, would leave, in 

 theory, bran to be at once the cheapest and best ninn- 

 nre that coidd be employed: 



" Phosphate of mognesia, in combination with am- 

 monia, is on invariable constituent of the seeds in all 

 grasses. The bran of flour contains the greatest 

 quantity of it. 



" The perfect developement of a plant according to 

 thia view, is dependant on the presence of alkalies or 

 alkaline earths; for when these substances are wholly 

 wanting, its growth will be arrested, and when they 

 are only deficient, it must be impeded. 



" So likewise none of our corn plants con bear per- 

 fect seeds, that is, seeds yielding flour, without a largo 

 supply of phosphate of mac;nesia and ammonia; sub- 

 stances which they require for their maturity. 



•' It is the greatest possible mistake to suppose that 

 the temporary diminution of fertility in a soil is owing 



, many vessels awaiting to be discharged banks, the story ot whose detcuce bad imprcssea it- tne temporary ui.um.uu^.. .-..-...-"-, ■--- = 



long quarantine for that purpose. We e^lf so indelibly upon the memory of our boyhood to the loss of humus-i is the '"^1^?"^^^^''^'^^°^ 

 at efiect this has on tho exports of Montre- days. Heard we not, mingling with the war blaet of the exhaustion of the alkiliee. —marl.-lane £.zpress. 



see wha ^ , , „ „ . , 



nd Quebec, and how it tends to augment British the bravo, other bugle notes that came from the still j 

 zmzrce. The quantity exported from these places glidi ng canal boat on tho opposite side of the river, 



past se.ison was 72,735 bushels of wheat, and . g^„ ^ ^^,^^ ,^^ sianaturo of " Hercules," reouhlli 



i,094 batrolfl of flour; eqnrd to l,633,19o bushels, L., in 'lie app'-niMx to Ur. Uo3ack'3 " Meiaoira of Ue Wi 

 of which saving about 7,033 bushels wae sent to I (Jiinion" in 1-j-ia. 



Agriculture is the nursery of patriotism and virtue — 

 aided by science makes o great man. All the erergy 

 of the hero ond nil the science of the philoscpho tmay 

 find s'-ope in the cultivation of one eipgle farm 



