AND GARi:>l':-\KirS JOURNM.. 



137 



: , and coiiseinieiil!y it must be (irmly secured 



lit its being displaced or turned over. By 



iie clia'n Broiind the top of the stump to be 



i, nnJ imchorinj; tbo machine to the bottom 



ic ,>:i? on t!io other sids, the 'ornicr will give way 



nliliough it mny be larger th«n the latter. The 



il iiU:\ IS, to coniniLiice ope.'nting near Iho ontsido 



he lot, aad alter fastening the machine to n lirm 



lip, extract all within reach of the chains, leaving 



■ one go>id one within reach to which it may ne.xt 



jstonej in order to extract the f ir'iicr one. If it 



lesircd to extract a stump whcre^thcre is no other 



ti which to fasten tht machine, a hole must be 



; in the gr«und and a strong post set in it, well 



;eJ 10 the top on the aide towards the machine; 



;e llie chain around it elose to the ground, and if 



np is ■lot very strongly rooted it wdl come out 



lioiu much trouble. 



i'he liinnuer in which iho machine operates must 



nppfsr obvious to all. A yoke of n\en draw on 



ropf, this turns the drum and the small wheel, 



ih.it turns the largo whel and shaft so as to wind 



the chain very slowly but with immcuoe power. 



ingle yolte of o.\-en drawing on Iho rope gives a 



■er equiil to thirty-five or fdrti/ ijokt on the chain; 



hat something must inevitably give way. It will 



iily be seen that the machine must be well made, 



the chain very strong, especially if large and 



]y riwted stump.i are to be pulled. 



his machine w.is a good deal used in this State 10 



12 years ago, but we have not seen or beard 



ch of it of late. It was called " Pratt's Patent 



imp E.tlractor." A Mr. Drake, we believe, was 



prietor of the right in this State; but whether the 



em or the p«tentee, is nliv» now, we have not been 



3 to ascertain. We will endeavor to give informa- 



n un this point ne.xt month. Ona of the machines 



be seen on the farm of Mr. Whitney near this 



from which the above drawing was taken. If 



r persMi within a icv railc3 of this pince desires to 



it ecu d lubtless be hi.'ed on reasonable terms. 



[t weighs about loOO jiounds and is hung on wng- 



1 wheels s> as to be conveniently transported. 



in an old pnper handed us by Mr. Whitney, an 



neeron the Chemung C'inal certifies that one of 



se machines extracted GS stumps between 2 o'clock 



Isunbwn, and on another section 230 wore ex- 



cted in one day. Another certilicate, signed by 



ht pe-sins, states that they saw this machine with 



s yoke of oxen, extract 17 white pine stumps of 



id size in 52 minutes, without any of the roots be- 



; previously cut; and remove a barn 2"2 feet square 



mtaining about 2 tons of buy and grain, with only 



pjwer of five men applied to the rope. Another 



•tos that a large green pirn tree, moasuring 1'3 feet 



circumference and 150 feet in height was drawn 



wn by this machine, the chain bcin^a)[)licd '2'2 feet 



m the gioiinJ. Tiie depth of soil broken up by the 



ti of tha t CO was between five and six feet, and the 



rfacc '2i by 35 feet. 



Autiiiniml PlaaUns* 



A friend his requested ua to caution our reaJers 

 irainst planting out trees in the fall of the year in 

 D3C clays. Wlien the hole is dug, it holds watir 

 if, a tub — the tree is put in and there amongst loose 

 iith it has to soak till spring. Hardy indeed, muot 

 ! the one that can bear it. In our last volur e, page 

 ivo mentioned a remarkable cise of this kin'', 

 ilh the complete success that followed undir-lraii - 

 j; and wo can now state another: List fall, tLo 

 esent Corresponding Secretary of the Cayuga Coun 

 Agricultural Society pljntcd shade trees in front 

 f his new mansion in Auburn, part in a saitdy loam 

 nd part in a heavy clay. All the la. tor died, and all 

 ic forincr lived. 



A trench snUiciendy deep may be made with the 

 plough, by turning out the earth from the same line 

 several lin.es in succession. When the bott«m of 

 the furrow is made smooth, stiaw, ecrn-stalks, pola- 



trecfl pinnicd, and the earth returned to its place. 

 With n prii|,cr descent, all th« soalilngs of tlie);niiind 

 will pass olV, and the trees will be fully estulilifhcd 

 in the eoil b^liiro those subuianccs decay; but even 

 then, there uul bo a scain through which the water 



1 



^^^ <.^ .. .. 



THE .^UBTEWOEBJ BEE-IIIVE. 

 We some time since acknowledged the receipt of a little woik entitled, " Bee Breeding in the West," by 

 Thomas Allleck, Editor of the Western Fanner & Gardener; and having given it a careful examination wa 

 find it BO interesting and instructive that we make some extracts from it. The inain points at which the au- 

 thor aims, are, 1st, Preventing the depredations of the mo;h or worm, and, 2d, Obtaining ihn surplus honey 

 without destroying the bees. These advantaees he contends can best be secured by the use of the Saltcnded 

 Bce-Hirc; and his arguments are the more convincing from the eireimstonce that his object is not to favor 

 any vale.it right, or maker of bee-hives; for the invention he describes is not patented, and lae gives directions 

 l)y which any common joiner can cons^iuct the hives. He points out several objections to the dif.erent "im- 

 proved hives" now in use: the principal one of which is, that ihey compel the bees to work ujiwards, while 

 their natural habits aUvays lead them ta work dmcnwnids. This point he requires should bo kept constantly 

 n mind, and contends tha t no apiniian can long prove successful who practically disregards it: as by repeat- 

 edly robbing the bees of the new comb and compelling Ihcm to breed si.ccesive swarms in the old, the pro- 

 geny will inevitably deteti jrote in size. We should like to hear the opinions of those who have lo:ig used 

 the Vermont and similar hives, on this subject. But to the work: — 



When the bee is left to itself to seek a home in the I engaged in the lower part of the hollow or crevice, 

 woods, it pitches u.ion a huUow tree or a crevice in and do not even perceive the theft; nor do they suH 

 tiie cliffs and commences at the extreme top, theie ler by being deprived oi these upper combs, whicU 



firming its fiist comb. As the cells ate formed, the 



Qucen^Mother deposits her eggs in ikcra, regalaily 



using the new ones for this purpose, and that only 



once; she rarely places an egg in the samo cell a 



second lime, eo long as there is epnce lor the torma- 



tion of new ones. So soon as the young bee leaves 



the cell, the worker., clean it out removing "^'"T- I ^n^^y" box'™ thVton 'ot'the permanent hive, tlink 



.1 • 1 i._ ....1.-1 ,./TKr. nr whitp novel int witil- 1 . ' ■; . . ' ,. , .1 . .1 ... _. - 



live becumo snpeifltious, by the new stock of provi 

 sions, ivhich they go on, instinctively accumulating, 

 in their uninterrupted descending opsrations. Here 

 the whole secret of nature is laid open — how to rob 

 them without doing them the least injury!" 



Tho^e who have adopted the plan of adding an 



thing but th» isyrnphnl robe, or white covering with 

 in which the larv.-u underwent its transformation, 

 which is pressed down to the bottom end coverd over 

 with a thin coat of wax. This, of courie, diminishes 

 the size of the cell, which is then used lor the recep- 

 tion of honey; while the succession of eggs, as be- 

 fore remarked, the Queen's inttiiict teaches her to 

 deposite in the newly formed, full sized cells. So 

 lou'' as their supply of food is abundant, and suffici- 

 en*°6pace is allowed them Idow, they go on incrcas- 

 iu"- but to what exicnt has not yet been delernuned. 

 Itleoins prob.ible that there must be i limit to the 

 procreative powers of the Queen; and as no two 

 queens can exist, in a slate of ireedoin, in the same 

 hive, all plans which are intended to pievent their 

 following their natural mode of increase— by swarm- 

 ing— miTst end in failure. ,,.,,. ., , 

 They thus go on, as is their habit both in a wild 



iucyiiui. g..".., uc.o ....... — .■ - i „.„,„.,,. J I once percc ved. 



,d domesticated state, wo.king always tl""^""""^ I „„dAhe same se 



aving their winter's store of honey at the top of the 



ve, .°nd congregating with their Queen, round those ^"J'^^^^^^'at whic 



they have made the same discovery, and that they aro 

 acting up to it. But they overlook, in their method 

 several most important facts — that it compels the bce« 

 to breed, year after year, in the same box: and of 

 course they must use the same cells for the repeated 

 hatchings, which thus become continually diminished 

 in size, "by Iho addition of two or three i-ympbal lobca 

 in a season; until the difference between the bcea 

 from such a hive and from a thriving young one, ia 

 apparent to the most careless observer. Then, whew 

 60 managed, they breed but little; the ewarnis occa 

 sionally thrown off are weak and inelticient, and raro 

 ly exist through the first winter unnstisted. * * 



By a careful compariton of the young bees from an 

 old hive, the cells in which have become much dimin- 

 ished in size, with those from fresh hive, the dif- 

 i ference in their size and thrifty appearance will be at 

 ed. Now honey, or that which hrs been 

 season, though both whiter and fairer 

 ther so fine flavored nor so whole- 

 ch has undergone, as it were, a tern- 



