B. nATEUAM, ; 



F. C.'IOS.MAN, Proprietors. [ 



VOIi. 2. ROCHESTER, OCTOBER, 1841. IVO. lO. 



JOHN J. THOMAS, 



M. B. BATEHAM, Edilors. 



PUBIjISHEU MOXTHIiY. 

 TCRMS, 



PTV CKXTS, per year, pnyulile ahvays in advance. 

 •St iM;u?le-rs, Agcntu, and others, Aendin^ money iVee of 

 ■. iviM reccivr seven coiiiu:? for S3, — Tueice copies t'nr 

 ",-■■ -■irr. -.^--ifs for SIV. 



I -iTJ paper is only one cent to any place 

 ;tn:i one anil a lialf cents to any part <)f 



cl> j;a 1 i;;l a:« & caoSMAN, Rodicster, N. V. 



COVTEXTS OF THIS NUMBER. 



orJ ;o ojr Fricn.!9. Hints for the Sloiuli. Eicics- 



in Plum Tree?. ElJer-lierrv Wine 1 15 



a i •. !ni;Ti.ve.I llo^j in 0;iio— Mr. M.-hr.r.i's 

 •cs. Disjiutcd Qiies ions in A«ricnl:ure. . . . 14ti 

 noon invcrterl sod. Cactus triangularis. Tlie 



:r. Culture of Silk H7 



Uro^k|!ort ai;d Clarkson— Mr. Allen's Farm— 

 rainina, &c— Silk and Mnlbeirv operations— 

 ■m of .Mr. Baldwin— I he Farm of Dr. a . Bald- 

 ,rk>.»ii— Irri5Htion--Discasc among Calves — 



'•jc (Jraii? Vine. Lime as a Manure 148 



I Unds perishing in win^^r. Iinportance of color — ■ 

 in? W.iiions. A Visit to William C. Cornell's. 



in South Vcn!;-e in H41 149 



Moisture of the Soil— Waterins- • • • loO 



Floncrs of Suunncr. Wool in. Michigan. Plai:tli:g 



:har.!s— Pcdilns Fruit Tree? 151 



;ul;urnl ExUlli.tiuas. U;>. ks nnil papers as Prcnii- 

 s. Nov \i:rijiill'.i-.il Papers. Wcs'.ern Farmer's 

 I Gard.-iisr-s All:i:-.riUi-. for k- 12. Our friends in Can- 



-MakinK.lunkcL and Clotted Cream 153 



s Sowing Machine. Uyeing. 'f he Stump K.\trac- 

 .M.'ulison county jigricultural Society Orleans 

 tv A'.:ric!iltural Society. iMechanics Fiiir atUocli- 



Wild Rice 153 



3 Different Ureeds of Sheep. American Wool Pro- 

 Col ure of the Tare or Ve*eh 154 



scy's Heaping ^lachine. Yucca gloriosa 155 



crer from illinois. Sketches of Travel. Indian 



^Vheat Culture. Wheel Ploughs 130 



rain in Cattle, t-'old Water, brsorder in Hogs, 

 sh News. Pickles. "Pearl Barley" of the 



157 



uiical. or Prepared >!anures. Tomato Figs. True 



An'i-Corn Law Agtation in l-'utrland. . . . 156 

 lalion. Indian Corn and Sugar Beets. How to 



Korn. Driving Nails into Hard Wood Wg 



eniseui e;its. ^larket Reports. Prices C urrent. 160 



A Word to our Friends. 



e New Genesee Farmer is daily fiiiHing fnvor, 

 xteiiding its influence among the tillers of the 



Our present ediliin it nearly cxhansted, but the 

 will soon cloB2, when we intend to — astonish 

 folks. More about this, next month. An apol- 

 i due to our renders fjr the bad appearance and 

 of some of our late numbers ; the fault was in 

 fees, or its owner. We have nindc a change 

 lonih, and we hope for the better. At all events 

 3 determined to hove matters iro risht shortly. 

 : hope our correspondents will make good use of 

 Hg evenings now coming on, and let us hear 

 ;hem a little more frequently. We have no an- 



yet for Hele.s. Shall ws not have one next 

 1 ? — We are now off to Syracuse — great news 

 r next ! 



Hints for the Month. 



> past months have been devoted chiefly to the 

 ;tion, — the present must be to the preservation 

 pa. 



n should be suiTered to stand in the shock, until 

 become fully ripened by nourishment from the 

 -but not later, as husking with cold fingeis is 

 isant. Let it be placed where it will be well e.x- 

 to the air ; as the quality of corn, both for do- 

 cnnsuniption and for feeding anima's, is great- 

 red by moldiness, even of the cob only, though 

 ■ appear perfectly sound. For the same reason, 

 lould be taken that shocks of corn standing on 

 round, are not injured by wet wraihcr. 

 itoc3,af'cr digging, should not be citposed to tlis 



sun. They lose their fine qnality, and acquire more 

 or less of bitterness, when kept in cellars exposed to 

 the light merely. Those for immediate domestic use, 

 should be kept in barrels, and the rest either in large 

 bins lined and covered with turf, or mixed with earth 

 in barrels or hogsheads, or else buried in heaps in the 

 open air. But rcnlilalion is. ncccseary. A hole 

 should be made with a stick or crowbar in the upper 

 part of every potatoe heap, and continue open until the 

 severest weather sets in : for want of this, thousands 

 of bushels are lost yearly,and the loss altributed to frost 

 only. * 



Apples, and all root crops, need the same care, but 

 turnips more especially, which will inevitably be ru- 

 ined unless the heated air from the heap can pass off. 



Mangel wurtzel and sugar beets should be com- 

 pletely secured by the end of the month, and ruta- 

 bagas not much later, if the danger of loss by freezing 

 is to be avoided. Get a rutabaga hook, described in 

 our eighth number of this year, by which a man may 

 easily harvest an acre n day. 



Winter apples shotild be gathnred before the arrival 

 of severe frost — till near the end of the month — they 

 should be carefully picked by hand by means of con- 

 venient ladders — and should not be suffered to become 

 in the least degree bruised until they are well packed. 

 As an easy, cheap, neat, and excellent mode, we 

 recommend packinswilh chaff and lime in barrels, 

 adopted by V/. F. Shotwell, and described on page 

 180 of our lost volume. 



Now is the season forplanting trees — remember — 

 now is as eapy as next year, or the next — and they will 

 be growing all the while — put off other work, but 

 not thia Shade trees give almost the whole expns- 

 sion to a country or a town. If the work is done in 

 autumn, and well dnn.'?. the earth will become proper- 

 ly settled about the roots, and they will have nn'hing 

 to do in the spring, but to grow —but if removed then, 

 greater or less check must inevitably be given to 

 them. 



To have groinid early in good order for crops next 

 sprinir, plough your ground this fall, and let it be ex- 

 posed to the action of frost through winter. 



Prepare entile yards for the manufacture of manure 

 on as large a scale as pmcticnble — provide plenty of 

 straw for litter — remember, plenty, — and that is » 

 great deal : and if possible, cart on your manure 

 yards alorse quantity of swamp muck ; or if that can. 

 not be hnd, simple enrth, to mix with the other ma. 

 nure. The labor will be well repaid. "* 



Excrescences osi Plum Trees. 



The insect that produces these unsightly bnnches, 

 has not confined its operations entirely to the early 

 part of the season ; but in the nursery we have found 

 (9 mo. 18,) si'veral worms that have very recently 

 started into life. Those who nre determined to save 

 their trees, should therefore be on the alert. 



AVe have already recommended clofe pruning as a 

 means of detecting these deprecntors. The vigor o( 

 the tree n. ed not be injured, while the fruit will be 

 finer, and the bunches perceived at a glance. In a 

 bushy tree, it is a tiresome task to discover them all. 



It appears that when the female deposits her eggs 

 something is applied to the branch which cause» 

 wood to become granular or funeous — a fit r'- 

 for her progenv : and not nnfrenuentl- 

 continues to swell when no trace e*" 

 found there. Evrrv excrcscen'-- 

 habited, but some have tev 



Elder-Berry Wine. 



Messrs. Editors : — Having come into possession 

 of several acres of land mostly covered with elder 

 bushes, which promise a great crop of berries, I wish 

 to inquire wether it would be profitable making them 

 into wine ; and if so, what is the process by which it 

 is made. A. SUBSCRIBER. 



Cliautauque County, N. Y. 



Remarks. — The above is the second inquiry of the 

 kind received by us within a month ptst. As advocates 

 of temperance we would reply, we do not believe 

 that making wine of any kind will in the end be found 

 profitabe ; still to gratify our subscribers we give such 

 information en the subject as we find at hand. 



The following is from a little English work entitled 

 " The Art of Making Wine from Native Fruits." 



" Elderberry Wine. — This fruit is excellently 

 calculated for the production i>( wine. Its juice con- 

 tains a considerable portion of the fermentative matter 

 which is so essential for the production of vigorous 

 fermentation, and its beautiful color communicnu e to 

 the wine a rich tint ; but as the fruit is deficient in 

 saccharine, matter, this substance must be liberally 

 supplied. This wine is much ameliorated by adding 

 to the elderberry juice a small portion of supcr-tartrnte 

 of potash. Dr. MaccuUoch obseives, 'that the pro- 

 portion of this salt may vary from one to four, rnd 

 even six per cent. The causes of this admissible la.x- 

 ity will appear, when it is considered that the greater 

 part of the super-tartrate of potash is again depositid 

 in the lees. I may also remark, that from two to 

 four per cent, will be found a sufficient dose, in pro- 

 portion to the greater or less sweetness of the fruit, 

 the sweetest requiring the largest quantity of this salt, 

 and vice vcrsii. The dose of it ought also to vary in 

 proportion to the added sugar, increasing it as this 

 increases.' 



To every two quarts of bruised berries put one 

 qiLirt of water, strain th? jnico through a hair seive, 

 and add to every quart of the diluted juice one pound 

 of lump sugar. Boil the mixture for about one quar- 

 ter of an hour, and sufi'cr it to ferment in the manner 

 before slated 



Or, bruise a bushel of picked elderberries, dilute the 

 mass with ten gallons of water, and having boiled it 

 for n few minutes, strain off the juice and squeeze out 

 the husks. Measure the whole quantity of tl:e juice, 

 and to every quart put three quarters of a pound of 

 lump sugar; and, whilst still warm, odd to it half a 

 pint of yeast, and fill up the cask with some of the 

 reserved liquor. 



When the wine is clear it may be drawn off fn m 

 the lees (which will be in about three months) and 

 bottled for use. 



For flavoring the wine, ginger, allspice, or any oth- 

 er aromatic substance may boused : the flavoring iwp- 

 terialsmaybe inclosed in a bag, a.';d suspended in 

 the cask, ont removed when the desired flavor is r- 

 duced.'* 



The next is from an old work on dome- 

 my, and, we believe, is the method <•- 

 ticed by the cottagers in England. 



" Elder Wine. — To eve- 

 two quarts of water, I/oil ' 

 and break the fruit t'^- 

 ery quart of juic- 

 bon sugar, c- 

 whole " 



