so. 10. 



AND GAliDKNER'S JOURNAL. 



I() 



"^^=^^^^2^ 



KOCUESTKK, IVOVIOMUKU, 1811. 



To Ileiulcrs ttiitt Conc>i>oii(leuts. 



Several connmunifaiions nre iinnvDidnbly deferred 

 ^Is riioiuli, in order lo nmko_ruom tor lUe re|iorl8 ol 



irs&c. We trust however, tlint tbie niimber of 

 iir pniicr will not be louiid Jellcieiit in intercbt, even 

 s inir most disiiiiu renders. 



The second coiiinumicBtion of C. V. T. "on the 

 nportance find utility ot the dissemination of knowl- 

 dgo nmong Fanncra," is received, and eball have a 

 aco in our next. The author informs us that a want 

 lie prevoulej Uiiii from furnishing it several 



Inonths ago, as was intende i. 

 The Peas received from Clis E. Norton, So, Ber- 

 viek, Maine, oic called Knight's Tull Honey Pens; 

 hey are the best variety known for the table, but 

 ;row so tall as to make ihcm obji-ciiorable to mony. 



The specimen of Wild Pea from A ;a A. Burnliani, 

 5^q., Cobourg, is the LuUi'jnis vcuosus of botanists, 

 t IS not often, though occasionally, found in ibeec 

 inrts. The flowers nre quite ornuiuentnl, rescmb ing 

 be Sweet Peo of the gardens, to which it is ncaily 

 Hied. 



S. C. is informed that we know of no process by 

 vhich good ic'mo can be made tVom the naiivs Frost 

 ropes. 



" Monroe," and some others who wish to draw us 

 no an endless Chess controvo: sy, shall receive atlen- 

 lon next month. 



Trial of Ploughs at Syracuse. 



The late trial of ploughs at Syracuse, under the di- 

 ectionof tbc State Conimittej, it was reasonably ex- 

 lected, would be attended with most important re- 

 alu. Wuen it is considered that the yearly cost ol 

 iljughing in the State, amounts to millions, it be- 

 ;onie8 evidently a matter of no small macnitude, il 

 .hat cost can be diminished one third or one hali'. 



In olfering a few remarks on that trial, it may be 

 uroll to state, that the writer, allliough of the Commit- 

 tee, was unavoidnbly absent when the decision nndre- 

 •lort were made, which he his not seen, consequently 

 iio other of the Committee is responsible lor any thing 

 ■here said. 



That tlie trial was unsatisfactory, none can deny. 

 Tje failure of the Cominitteo to meet previously, 

 ■and make necessary arrangemenls, caused a confusion 

 4it the time of the trial, which alone would have prevent- 

 do complete success. Mjstof the members of the Com- 

 mittee who were present, were appointed to lill vacon 

 cieson that day, and consequently had no time to in- 

 fjrni theinselvos af any particulars relating to the sub- 

 oct. Sritable ground hud not been selected, and its 

 uncvenneas rendered the strength for draught so con- 

 Btamly varying that it was impossible to determine it 

 accurately. The Dynamometer was very imperfec', 

 though exhibiting v;iih some accuracy the relative 

 ilmught of each plough. Only one kind of soil was 

 I, which was so much drier than is usual in 

 jj'lmigbing, that it was not a fair lest of the operation 

 generally. The Committee had full opiwrtuniiy to 

 cx:iriiiiie the construction and operation of each plough, 

 so far as it could be dona by a single trial in dry sward, 

 and that their decision is not far from the truth, is to 

 'if -.'nil':" i'^i'SianW. _\yc djiibi much if a finer col- 

 cclioa of ploughs or even a.i liui; a one, wal ever bT". 



lore seen. The improvement <n one year alone, ha. 

 '•eon 'cry great. And wo hope that the unsucccss- 

 1 ! eompotitora will not be discouraged in presentin" 

 ih^ir ploughs again ne.\t year, when it is hoped a ful- 

 ler iiinl may be mode. It was to be rcgrctred that 

 sniiu' ploughf entered, were, in consequence of ihc 

 rain and confusion, not tried, among whiih were nii 

 c.vcellent plough fiom Stephens Couk of Onondaga 

 eounly, and the ecl.brated Howard plough, from M. 

 B. Batcliamof Rochester.* 



One of the pLuighs was rough from the furnace, 

 some had the mouldbonrds painted, some were well 

 scoured by use, and others were even ground sharp 

 at the point ; all of which tends to vary the result. 

 As the object always In pointing out errors is to avoid 

 tliom in future, the writer respectfully suggests the 

 following points, nmong others, to be obseivedin fu- 

 ture trials. 



1. Lot suitable ground be selected beforehand; it 

 would be better to pay a sum of money for its use, 

 than to have that which is bad. One field should be 

 clayey, another medium loam, and another sand ; a 

 part sward.a part Btiibble,nnd a part r;cenily ploughed 

 an J harrowed. Let it be the most < ven and uniform 

 th!,t can bo found, for the trial of ibc dynamometer. 

 The ploughs may be tried on rough or stony ground 

 without this instrument. 



2. Every ploi/gh should bo scoured bright by pre- 

 vious use, an! have no additional preparation by 

 grinding or o hcrwise. 



3. The rcla.ivo force exerted in ploughing dillcr- 

 ent widths and depths by the same as well as by dif- 

 ferent ploughs, should bo carefully measured by the 

 dynamometer. Especially the f.rec required in cut- 

 ting through, and below, the grass roots in green 

 sward, and in ruimiiig so deep as to lift the subsoil ; 

 and the comporative friction on long and short mould- 

 boards, in light, and in odhesive soils. 



4. The q liUy of tiie work done by each is to be 

 particularly^ioted. 



5. One ploughman, and one team should be used 

 for the whole. If one of the Committee be the 

 ploughman, all the belter. 



6. Uisof the MOST VITAL IMPORTANCE, 

 that the trial be ?to^ made on the daysof the annual fair. 

 To attend properly to all the above paiticiilars, tico 

 or three hours are the very least that could in any 

 wise be in justice bettowed on each plough ; more 

 time would be desirable. If fifteen ploughrwcre en- 

 tered, as was the case this year, several days would 

 necessarily bo spent in their proper examination. 

 Simieoiher time should therefoie be taken, and an 

 agreement be previously ma.le with the members ol 

 the Committee, to be faithfully at all times on the spot, 

 -liich they would doubtless be willing to do, for the 



ike of securing a full, faithful, and indisputable de- 

 cision, on the merits of this king of instruments in 

 agriculture." » 



Great credit shoiiiil be givea to Moocrs and Sl.itcr pro 



Btorsoi; •• li.iriiaby ,111.1 Hlooers' si<lc-liilj .mil level' l.ind 



lilough, lor their persevering eitpei iiiienta with tlio dyim- 



moiiicier, to ileLcriuiiie the form for the most easy drafi for 



;igood niouM-lioiird. will o'lier iiiinrovciuciits 



If any apology is necessary for the length and some- 

 what too ecientilic nature ol the following article, we 

 think the importance of the subject in relation to the 

 wheat growing interests is a sulficient one— Eds. 

 Fiom the Albiiny Cvliicator. 



The Hessian Fly and other Wheat Insects. 



EXP;,A,\ATIO.V OK THE ENGR.l VIXr,. 



1— Wheat stalk wiih the larva of the Hessian fly 

 deposited— ihiee of ihc stalks puneiuied by the Ich- 

 neumon, Ccrap/iroit— natural size, 3 iiOthe of an inch. 

 — «. a. larva and pupa. 



2— Section of the wheat slalk, with the larva mag- 

 uifieo. ^ 



•T — Lara nJvancerl to thn pupa state, magnified. 



4, 5— iMnl.i and lemale Hessian fly, Vcciilo m i/ia 'U 

 structor, iii..giiiliod—G antenna of the female.— 7 aii- 

 Icuiiu of '.be iiiiile 



8, 9— Male and female khneimion, Vcniphron (h 



slniclor, magnified.— 10 nn'.cnna of the nule.— 11 

 antenna of the female. 



U, 13— Male and Female wheat worm llv, Ccci- 

 (tonym </7V/ra of Kirl.y, mngnilied. , 



14— Section of a grain ofw'hent with the young 



wheat worm within it magnified. 



There is, nerhnps, no period of our ngneuUural his- 

 tory, wherein the ravages of the Hessian fly have at- 

 tracted more attention than during this sensoii ; ihc 

 memorial to Congress of the individual who pi'olesscs 

 to have d scoveied a remedy, and who is asking liir a 

 compensation ; the reference of this memorial to the 

 Commiteeon Agriculture at the very moment that 

 ell'orts are making to establish a National Society; 

 the observations of M.ikcaretta Mokius, nitrocting 

 the attention of so many eminent men and so many 

 ncu'e observers, joined lo the extent of the iiifccl's de- 

 predations, and to the advoncementof agncuUiiinl sci- 

 ence in all Its departments, except entomology, linvu 

 combined to nttrnet thisntlention. Among oiher con- 

 tested questions, arising out of the discussion, is the 

 identity of this destructive race, Ccciilowijin destructor 

 of Kiiby with the wlieat worm cf New England, the 

 Cccidonnjiu tritica of the same author. The circum- 

 stance ol the great Linnaeus making but one species, 

 under ihe name of Tipulti tritica, is itself a strong in- 

 dicTtion of their identity. Whether future invesli- 

 gniions will enable us to restore the systrm and the 

 nomenclature of this great Swcedish naturalist, time 

 alone is lo determine. I frankly aclinowleiige that f 

 dislike innovations upon such perfect systems, and 

 think, as the Hibernian would say, that the two in- 

 sects are identical ; but while we should frown upon 

 all attempls hij men of science to introduce new names 

 lor the purpose of extending ihcir own pre;ended dis- 

 coveries, wo 6h.)uld be equally disposed to cncourngo 

 accurate investigation into the true character, habits, 

 transformations and operations of insects : 



" The sacred sons of vengeance, on wl:ose eoyrse 

 Coiiosive famine wnils, and itills the year." 



llnving recent y returned from a visit through a. 

 whtatroiiuliy where iis rn\agC6 have Inrii icvi iciv 

 (It, and found that faniii rs lin\t n.ri.y iioie iM'iiis 

 ban ii'tos le jccUng it ; that tbuc it li uih (.cr.lis.ir 



