Vo. 10. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



175 



'livinins Asb'fl cow, 54i Iba. do, in 35 tloys. — do. vot. 

 1-', f>. 50. 



I Diiilinin cow, IJj lbs. ilo. in one week. — Vol, 17, 

 p. 4iy.i. 



tr. VVo.iUvicb'a cow, HJ \bs. do. in 1 wnk.—Ctil.- 



tirtttor, ml. ii, p. 11)2. 



My liflii'I'is tbal ibe pure Sbori Hums, wiiU good 

 cep, (ami n.i animni will lUrive when sinrvcd) ia 

 iiicU more vaUinblo ili!i» nny oiher race, for ibe eiinni- 

 ies. r.)r tlie pnil, nnd lor tbe dairy ; yet if our foibcrs 

 ave renrod « belter race, without system nnd witlioiu 

 ie leaat cure in brerding, 1 eball bow with subniia- 

 ion, regiet the cost ofiny einr, and herenri'T "trend 



II their lootsieps." WKLLS J,.\TIIK01'. 

 Soiclk Ilailki/ Fulls, M.is.!.. Amx- I!», ISll. 



Salt in .1Iiciii§:iiii. 



Tbe following article fioin tbe Grand RapiJs In- 

 uirer, contains interesting and important facta for our 

 Veatern Readers : 



Salt. — We congrntiilnte nnr fellow-citir.ens ol 

 Jrand River Valley, in J of Weatirn Michigan, up- 

 n the fjriunaie result uf the unJer'.akingof iMr. Lt- 

 .V to obtain salt water at this iilace. Hia eltiirta are 

 rownc'd witli success coequal with bis wishes, and in 

 ne particular far exceeding bia imnginatiinis. For 

 bout eighteen inoiuhs tbe work has been progressing, 

 .'bile many doubted, nnd all hoped, but few weic 

 anj;uine ofsuccesi^, At a di-pih of about 30J feet, 

 idicuiuna of salt lirst bocniiie apparent, but for a long 

 .slouce after nitbing further seemed to be gained, 

 nd inauy begun to think ihey U.id been cheered fur 

 oug'jt. Tae w.irka were continued until the abaft 

 a.l be;,Mi sank (>ol feet, wuea the evidences weie 

 .i;h that the opcrstion of boring waasuspeneded, and 

 ibes sank to as^'ertain tiic quantity and quality of tbe 

 rine. — On Saturday last (IheSStb) the tubes wore 

 at down to the depth of 360 feet but little over ball 

 QC deptii of the well, when to tbejoyfu! surprise of all, 

 •sre hrin'^, nf thr. qudlUy nfonc bushel of suit tofiom 

 ) tit ^iiif iUo:is, ascended and poured out uf ib.: tube 

 ?ith i.Muiense force. It is estimated that the tub. s 

 ligjt be cirricd fifty feet higher, and the brine vit 

 scipe Wuat is tbe quantity of the brine which will 

 l>;nentarily disc!iarge, it is difHcutt to nsceitain, but 



is estimated from 6 to 3 gallons. This, without 

 as use of a pump, or nny means of elevation, we 

 eeni unparalleled in tbe history ofe'ilines. 



It ia intended to sink the tubes still lower iium the 

 s!t well, under the nniicijiaiion that the brine obtain- 

 H will be much stronger, as it is further diacjiinected 

 iJm tbs fresh fountains above. Mr. Lyon, as we 

 earn, will cumnience b.iiling immediateiy, as sojn ns 

 le-cnn obfiin kettles and place them. 



Again wecungiaiulate our readers and this valley — 

 ■re have ii fountiiin of wenlih in our midst, which will 

 mah!.; us to forget the . et >, and anap our lingers at tbe 

 Bankrupt and Distribution B. lis. Wiiat may we not 

 o V anticipate from our s.7//,oar plaster, our //m«, the 

 'Ttilitii of our soil, our iiitmease iDafer power, oni 

 iii:d, and our nacigaOtc riccr. Where can we find 

 dcj a combination of sources of wealth in Michigan 

 r the v.eat t" 



J .1 ::,e irtftern Fa'-mer's and Gardriicrs Jtmar.itc far ISt-J 

 'au';cs of Decay i» Fcach Tiecs, aud it;- 

 Pieveiitioit. 



To t!ie early sottlera of tbe West, tie peach was n 

 ' eip na I easily procured lu.xury. The kernel was 

 laiited itt tbe ffuce-corner, and grew and p.-oduc 

 d a tlirifty and hcaltliy tree, witii but little care oi 

 ultare, bearing large and regular crops cf tine huit. 

 jr a number of years. 



Thii being tbe ca^e, why do we find eo much difTi 

 iihy at the present day ? IIjw do we account foi 

 iieir Sllcce^B then, nnd for our frequent la. lures now 1 



In early times, when the whole face of titc cuuntrj 

 vas heavily timbered, our winters were leas severe 

 hon thev are now. Our climate, unlike that of Great 

 Britain, seems to increase in rigor as the country is 

 mpioved, until, at this time, tl.c peach trees are not 

 infrequently winter-killed. 



In addition to this, tbe following causes bad theii 

 nflnence : Tuc kernel was taken trom tbe fruit of an 

 inbndded tree ; those being of course selected which 

 iroduced good fruit — thus the influence, e.xerted by 

 he stock if evil, was avoidt-d. The,kernel was plant- 

 ivbere it was meant to stand — the young tree escaping 

 ;he mutilation and checks too often received in trans 

 ilnniing. It was left to grow pretty iiiucb in a state 

 )f nature, by which the stem was shaded from the in 

 urious effects of the full blaze of a summer's sun; for 

 his tree, like the beech, will not do well if so exposed. 

 Tl'.e 6oil was fresh nnd good, nnd kept the tree in n 



vigorous nnd growing state. The clearing being 

 generally email, was in n great luensurc protect- 

 ed from late spring fros'.s. Tiie diHcnse called "yel- 

 lows" had not s lown itself, nor had tlie peach insect, 

 the " jEgeria e.titiosn" ot nnturaliste. 



Now, trees are bongbt from the nursery men, the 

 older nnd the larger the belter I The Hoeka too of- 

 ten produced from the kernels of inditVerciu or even 

 unhealthy peaches; allowed to grow two or three 

 years before they arc budded ; dug up without care, 

 nnd ecaree a root, and certainly not a fibre, left for 

 their suppoit; the steins bruised nnd chafed, nnd 

 closely pruned to pro|iorlion them to the inntilaled 

 roots. Tlicy are kept out of the ground for a length 

 of time; conveyed to the plintmg ground unprotect- 

 ed ; nnd there set out, in little holes, dug out of the 

 sod, in thin, poor soil, where they are left to struggle 

 through a year or two of a miserable, sickly existence. 

 In tbeiiHreery-iotv, the top of the one protected the 

 stem ol the other ; hut now there is no such defence. 

 The peach-fly deposits its eggs, wl.icli nre left to 

 hatch, and the worms to commit their lavages undis- 

 turbed. And being generally planted in an open, 

 southern exposure, the blossjm-buds swell too soon, 

 and are destroyed by the first severe frost. 



Let us now state vi'hat we consider to be the proper 

 practice. 



Select a piece of rich, new land ; if a tolerably still 

 loam, with n surface coating of leaf mould, on the 

 north or iioith-east side of a hill, rear n large wnler 

 course, the crops will be more abundint and sure, ibo' 

 not so highly fiavored ns if grown in a sandy soil. — 

 Plough it deeply and carefully in the fall ; and In ad- 

 dition, maik olf the holes, and have them dug down 

 to the sub-soil, or at least twoepaucs deep, and eix feet 

 in diameter. If you intend purchasing trees of a nur- 

 sery-maK, which is the cheaper course, il jou have 

 one within reach, in whom you can depend, go na 

 early as possible in the spring, and select young, thrif- 

 ty trees, not more than one year from the bud, nnd 

 two from ibe kernel. Have them taken up very cnie- 

 fully, eo ns not to destroy even a rootlet that can be 

 avoided ; dip the roots in sludge, il you have to carry 

 tbein more than a mile, and plant them without de. 

 lay. Throw sune of the su.-fnce soil into the hole, 

 after loosening the bottom with the spnde ; drive a 

 stout stake into the centre, to which to lii.-tcn the tree; 

 then place the tree close up alongside of the stake, nnd 

 while sn n^sistant throws in the enrlaoesoil round tbe 

 roots, shake the tree gentiy, so as to allow tbeltaith to 

 run in nnd fill up every vacant space ; taking ca;e to 

 spread the roots out regularly, and to plant it but vejy 

 little, if any, deeper than it stoo btlore. Tread the 

 ground lightly ; aud alter pouring a couple of buckets- 

 lull of water round the tree, and fastening it firndy to 

 tbe stake with a soft band, you may c nsidtr the ope- 

 ration of planting completed as it ought to be. It is 

 perfect fully to purchase trees and plant them, as they 

 arc usually planted. If the soil is not naturally rich, 

 mnnuro it all over, but do not put any round llie roots 

 ol the trees — rich compost or mould from the woods 

 or stable yard, may bo placed imniediKtely round the 

 roots. 



It it is intended to grow the trees from the kernel, 

 select good ones, tbe produce of healthy tieee. Bury 

 them in nbout tv,o or three inches of soil, ns soon ns 

 pacucnble after they are taken from the peach. If 

 they nre in quantity, mix them with double their bulk 

 of earth, and ridge them op in a safe part of the gar- 

 den, covering the whole with an inch or two of soil, 

 and leave them over wiutui. Towards the endofFeb- 

 ruary, or first of March, examine them, and plant nut 

 such as tiave opened but without removiug the shells. 

 Put three or four where they are intended to stand ; 

 and in July or August, inoculate them with the kind 

 of fruit you wish. In tbe fall or E;iring, all can be 

 removed but one. Never put off inoculating till the 

 second year. For their after treatment, see the article 

 on budding. A peach orchard should be tended in 

 some such crop as potatoes, beefs, melons, sweet pota- 

 toes, etc , and if necessary to sow it down, let it be 

 like clover ; taking care to keep a space round the 

 tree, of six or eight feel in diameter, free Irom grass 

 and weeds. Trees never do well, bear or thrive, in a 

 meadow, or blue-grass sod. 



F t some years past, the insect called the " Peach 

 fly," or " Peach-tree worm," has occasioned the ruin 

 of thousands of trees in the west. See article on their 

 history, and the ureventi^es to be used. 



New Boots. 

 A pint of linseed oil, two ounces of beeswax, two 

 ounces spirits of turpentine, nnd half an ounce of Bur- 

 gundy pitch, — slowly melted together, and then ap- 

 plied to new boots, will render them water tigkt with- 



out becoming stifl". The Corrcspundent of nn ex- 

 change paper, says he has used this compos! lion mnny 

 years ; nnd believes that his shocmukcr's bill luis been 

 iciluccil by it one half, eo conservative nro itsellicta 

 on the lenlber. t 



Uuluuicul Ktymoliigy. 



When Dean Swilt snegettcd that ibe nnmc of /1k- 

 dromaclie (.in Homer) was derived from Anilrcw Ma- 

 cliiea Scotchman, ho was in kin ; but when Profcs- 

 aor Eaton attempted to make out Adliimia dom iho 

 Greek, lie was in KAUNtsT. — tbongl, ,ve consider it (if 

 poESibleJ the greater burlesque of the two. 



A few words will explain our meaning. About 

 twenty-five yeniengo (more orless) Professor Rati- 

 ncsque ehnngcd the name of the plant Corydulis fiin- 

 gusalo that of Adlumia cirrliosa ; aud Dr. Dailmg- 

 ton says* (what we hnd undelotood belore) that the 

 new genus was " dedicated to Major John Adluni, a 

 distinguished cultivator ol ihe vine," who resided 

 some years before his death near the cily of Washing- 

 ton, and v\'boi6 name nnd chnrucler to ns had long 

 been familiar. With part of bis father's family in- 

 died, (mother, brother, nnd sisters,) we were personal- 

 ly acquainted, so that no thade of uncertainty or doubt 

 can hang over tbe reality of ibnt family name. 



In the 8ih edition of tbe " Manual," or " Norih 

 American IJ.Unuy," published lost yenr, we find bow- 

 over, nt page 211 that AdUmia conies from the 

 Greek ; — ' u (wiihout), lumen (dirt), a supposku 

 ch'nnscr." Now will not the learned author of tbe 



" CUKIOSITIES OF I.ITtKAlURE," give ihis cicum- 



stunce a filling place in his next edition ? - t 



Sugar from Com Stalks. 



William Webb baa addressed a letter to tic Presi- 

 dent of the New Castle county Agricultural Society, 

 in the Stale of Delaware, dated Wilmington, 9th mo. 

 25, 1811, icconiraending the ninnufaeture of sugar 

 Irom corn stalks ; and we learn from the Pennsyl\a- 

 nia Frennan, that the specimens exhibited (including 

 iiiolassi-s) were much admired for their I'.nvor and ap- 

 pearance. 



During the Revolutionary war, when our commerce 

 with tbe Wtsi Inaies was nearly nnmhilated, we can 

 remcnibcr tliai molasses was prepared from this ina- 

 lerial, by pressing out tbe juice in a cider mill, and 

 boiling It down ; but though sweet, it was rather ua- 

 palaiable, not having been properly purified. No 

 doubt can exist however, of well ripened corn stalka 

 abounding in saccharine mailer; and boys in the 

 bit of chewing them, soon discover that the smaUes 

 and reddest ore oltcays the fleeciest. 



In accordance with this fact, W. Webb recom- 

 mends planting the corn in rows two nnd a half fi:et 

 apart, leaving the stalks to stand in the rows only 

 thiee inches fiom each other. No ears are allowed to 

 grow or ripen ; nnd on this prteantion he considers 

 the success eniirdy to depend. In releience to this 

 improved method, he says, *' In one case I obiaincd 

 from a tinnll piece of ground, nt the rate of 100 lbs. 

 of sugar per acre ; but other e.\|ierinienle made since, 

 have conclusirily shoicn that had a diflerent mode of 

 planting been adopted, the product would have been 

 increased tenfold.* 



The ciop will generally be fit to take up " in Sep- 

 tember. The stalks nre then cut up at the root, strip- 

 ped of their leaves, and taken to the mid, where tbe 

 juice ie pressed out between iron rollers. Lime water 

 affout the consistency of cream, is then mixed with the 

 juice, one spoonful to the gallon. It is left to settle 

 one hour, nnd then poured oflfinto boilers, which nre 

 covered until the liquid appronchea nearly to the boil- 

 ing point, when the scum must be taken off. It is 



♦Flora C'cstrica, page 309 



