o. 12. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



179 



1. ll hti8 good doscriptiona of one lm?idicil 



y-six varieiiea ol" tlic Apple, riglil »l llie Ap 



.iTi ot ihc cherry, tiictre otlhe ll^j.fffcof ibe 



itteii of ilie melon, secmlcea of iho nccm- 



. . iitij of the penr, twinti/sU of ihe pench with 



.|| nmiiy others, (hirtij of the pioe npple,/iir'y 



r.iii, tutciitij-onc of tlve sirnwherry, Ucenty one. 



,:aiH!, and imperfect deser.'ptiona of sovcrnl oih- 



kinJd. Thae descriptiona are vidunble, from the 



mken by the niithor to eeize on dittmetive nml 

 manent charnctera. only. Some of ihr-m, of four 

 es, eiinbJs lis much beilerto identify the fruits, than 



L' pitge of loosely written stnlT, from some wri- 

 f of former years. We give the followiug as spe- 

 nens of the authors dj-'scripjions : 

 " Grnvenslein. Originnled at ^rnvenalein, in Ilol- 

 in, Gormnny, and with the Conrlpandee Pint, iB 

 ? best npple the conilnenl can bonel of. S;ze, large; 

 ni somewhat oblong, w th angles lorminalingin the 

 >wn ; color, yellowish green, marked with red on 

 e side next the sun ; stalk, very short; eye^ \vide, 

 nk in deep basiu ; flesh, pale yellov,- ; flayor, very 

 ;h and vinous; doration, fiom Novcmbf-r t,iU April; 

 hit, pxiremoly henlihly, rniher n shy beater ; merit, 

 e of our first rale desert fiults." 

 *' Gansel's Bergamot. [Si/n. Broeaa Berganaot, 

 Mine R)Uge, .loe's Burgamo*.] Orignated about 

 'fiS, frotn aeeed of the Autumn Bergamot, at Don- 

 land IIill in Esse.\, the seat of General Gnnscl. 

 z?, large; form, c.val roundish ; color, dull brown 

 1 over, rather deeper brown next the sun ; eye, 

 II ; stalk, short and iicshy ; flavor excellent ; du- 

 lion, November and beginning of December ; habit, 

 .hough of English origin, it is much too tendi r to 

 cceed as a standard ; its merits, however, claim for 

 a place on the wa,ll of every good garden." 

 The author, in addition to, his own extensive and 

 orough knowledge, has availed himself of the assis- 

 ncc of Robert Tho,riip5on, of the London Iloniculiu- 



1 Sieiciy, under whose eye a greater number of 

 iiits have been proved and minutely e-iamined, than 

 at of any other person, ffor this reason especially, 

 e list of synonymes is very valuable. 



A number of blunders, typographical and subatan- 

 d, occur here and there, which we pass by, and 

 erely give the following queer statements ; — 



" It is no unusual ihiiig to fee an American peach 

 chard containing one thousjuid trees growing as 

 ■andards, as the apple^ do with us, and after th? juice 



fermented and distilled, producing one hundred 

 vrrels of peach braridy. The Amcricmis usualhi eat 

 ep'tvies oi clingstones, wh'dctlicy reserve the melting 

 • freestones fur feeding their pigs." 



" In the United S;atcs the stones of the peach are 

 iwu on a seedbed, [&c.] In the fourth or fifth 

 ear, they produce friut, and thus thousands of suh- 

 «rieties are produced ; not one perhaps in ten thojts- 

 md is fit for the tnUe." &c. 



The work is however, so far at least as tbe practi- 

 at part is concerned, written with great judgment 

 nd accuracy, and notwithstanding the peculiartiee of 

 ultnro in Englau'l, it cannot fail of being of great 

 alue to every American cultivator of fruit Aiiedi- 

 ;on, adapted to this country, would be still njore val- 

 able. 



Being under an ennagement at the time, and the 

 lircMinistances not bejug exactly suitable f<u- the dis- 

 cus.^itut of so important a Fnliji:ct, 1 jiropose to answer 

 theiiiKstioii turough the medium of your useful paper. 

 But 1 do not expect at all to advanco any thing new, 

 to ll:c general aeritulia.inl readir, Tue subject hap 

 been presented in most iaviti^ig forma, and in the 

 mii,<t glowing colms, by able and e.tp?rieuf^d wirliers ; 

 Init the great body of ili^ firuiiag! communiiy liavt 

 not rend Fvjcb nrtieWii, neither have tbiy read any 

 thing of the kind, except it were ciitnally or ineidcii- 

 tally. Thgre hna been a most remarkable stupidity 

 and indiflerence on thia subject. A general opinion 

 or impreasion seema to have prevailedj^lliat all was 

 known that cotdd be known of either practicnl or sci- 

 entific agriculture ; and therefore, instead of profiting 

 by the experience of one another, we have raihci 

 sought to Hiid fault with every thing i)rrf according to 

 our previoualy conceived opinions. In short, Mr 

 Editor, as you hive doubtless long since learned, wc. 

 as a community, are a most self srffiricnt, self-irillcd, 

 self conceited race, always ready to teacli, but never 

 desiring to be taizght ! 



Now what shall be done to break thia charm ? ll 

 you write ai such you will not write to them, for they 

 will not pay qjie cad per iceck for the best monthly 

 agricultural paper which can be famished. As an 

 evidence pf tiia fact, (if report do not lie,) the '"Em- 

 pire County" ! containing seven thousand farn^^ 



tufa! 



For Ui^ Nev> Ge,nesee Ffirnttr. 



Shall .-Vgricultnral Societies be Sustained ! 



Messrs. Editors : — A few days after tbe Fair of 

 ur County Agricultural Society, I was accosted in 

 ne of the streets of our village, by a very reepectable 

 armer, with tbe following question, viz : '' Would it 

 <c any, and if so, what advantage to me, to join the 

 Viagara County Agricultural Society 1" " Or, what 

 is the U90 of EUch .SoclBIies V 



on the evening of tbe first day of their Agricult 

 Fair &. Cattle Show, had furnished but eighty names 

 as membpi's, at, a fee of TiO csnts each ! Eighty out 

 of 7000 ! one oijt of every nineiy. We mistake very 

 much, if the " Empiie County" does not furnish moie 

 worshipers ot Sacchiis than thai! 



But we most sincerely rejoice, that a better spirit 

 preva Is in some of the counties of the ' Empire Stale.' 

 That here and there a green, qpot qnn be seen--ihat a 

 waking up, and looking abotif, begins to be manifest. 

 But I have w:andered too far from my subject. The 

 question to be answered, was — What is the use of 

 Agricultural Societies ? 



1st. They serve to correct one of tbe greatest evils 

 in the general management of our farmers, viz : thai 

 of cultivating too much land. The average crop of 

 wheat throughout Western New York, will not prob- 

 ably exceed for the last two years, 15 bushels per acre, 

 cora Oft bushels, pointoes 100 bughels, and grass 1^ 

 tons. Q,uery. What would be the cost per acre, to 

 make these same lands produce double the quantity, 

 or the s.Tme quantity from one halfthcnuniber of acres? 

 The iuHuence of Agricultural .Societies is to test this 

 question. By the act of our legislature to aid A.^ri- 

 cultii'e, &c., funds are provided to be paid in premi- 

 um? to tlioge who raise the greatest quantity of pro 

 duce at the least expense. The inquiry will arise in 

 every mind, "How shall I inanagQ such a piece of 

 corn, for example, that I may obtain the greatest num- 

 ber of bushels ot ihp leoat coal ? How many limes 

 shall I plough it?- How mtjch, apd -^yhaj kind of 

 manure sha I lapply to it 1 Hov< ofteiXj and in what 

 manner shall I hoe it ?■ How much horse labor shall 

 I use, and what iinplemcnts shall I use with the horae? 

 Tbe plough, cujiivalor, or neither ? And again, how 

 shall I harvest the crop?" Such like inquiries will 

 naturally suggest themselves, and we shall adopt that 

 course, which, in our various opinions, will be most 

 likely to produce the desired result. And when we 

 have found the best course to enable us to obtain a 

 premium for the best crop, we have also the best course 

 to enable us to enrich ourselves. 



It will be noticed that the provisions of the act re- 

 ferred to, require the payment of the premium, not 

 for the greatest quantity raised on an acre of land, but 

 tor the greatest quantity at the coinparaHcehj least 



erjiense. 1 may put a hundred loads of manure to an 

 acre 111 lard, and spend the whole reason in the tillage 

 of thai acre, and obtain ihcrefrom 100 bushels of corn, 

 or 4U0 bushels poiatoca, or &0 bushels of wheat ; when 

 if I were to ch.irge that crop with nil the expeneea 

 ihereol, i; would perhaps cost me more per bushel than 

 my ncighboxs crop would him, at one half the expense. 

 Thus \v« sec, that the niokt croiionical course is Ui6 

 one 1,0 b# sought fur, nad not merely the raising ot the 

 greatest qua',iiity per acip,butthe raising of the great- 

 est crtip at the lenat coiujjarative e.\p''nse. The same 

 principles are to be recognized in the matter of raising 

 and fattening of Slock. The object is tjot to sec who 

 will produce the largest or faltest calf or ox, but what 

 stock will fatten at the least expense ; and \vm>t HiniJ 

 of feed is mosl profitably fed to cattle or swine. Also, 

 the same rule should he applied, in awarding premi- 

 ums for agricultural ijuplcmrnts. 



Now suppose our whole farming commuaity. I 

 mean cjTri//(n7?icr, sljould CorefuUy read an agiiciil- 

 inral paper, should joiif the county agricultural so- 

 ciety, and should apply himself, by reading, reflection, 

 conversation, and experiment, for a couisc often years, 

 according to the principles set forth in the said act, 

 wha do you suppose, Mr. Editors, would be the re- 

 sult ? Shoidd we not see the, qflect on the very face 

 ol nature 1; >,nd?spcoially orjihefucje oi'jnari? Should 

 we not see it in our buildings, iij our fenceg, as well 

 as in our crops? Should we not feel it in our very 

 bones, as we return from our daily labor, lo the houses- 

 on which no man has any claiin for tj)e erection there- 

 of, and where with tbe happy fatnily, »c enjoy the 

 fruit of cur labors, and where no constable or sheriff 

 can " molept, or make us afraid." 



Again. The opentlJon of agriculliual eocistiea uj>- 

 der the present law, will lead farmers to keep aqcounts 

 of their expenses and profiti ; a coiiaideration of no 

 small ipiportance. He thus ascertains, not only what 

 his wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, &c. cost him per bush- 

 el, bu,t which ia the moat profitable crop. And the 

 same prnctjce cg:ried out, will lead him to keep at» 

 account of hia. expenses for the support of his family, 

 for his hired labor, imarpvetijeaiB on his farm, build- 

 ings, &c. 



Again. The formation and support of societies ia 

 the most efficient means of improvement in all the use- 

 ful arts. It encourages a spirit of enterprise and em- 

 ulation, it diffusea a knowledge of useful experiments, 

 affords opportunities of social intercourse, and serves 

 to dispel those illiberal feelings and groundless jeal- 

 ousies, which often exist in communities, and blosli 

 up the avenues of friendly feeling and pleasurable en- 

 joyment in a neighborhood. 



The Iruiis of such 6ocietijs,w;ill be the improvement 

 of our agricultural iraplements— the introduction o£ 

 improved breeds of atook in>o every town and neigh- 

 borhood--a proper rotation of crops wilt be better un- 

 derstood— manures will be greatly increased andmwe 

 understandingly applied— and a general spirit of in- 

 quiry will be awakened, and a spirit of commendable 

 competition will be encouraged. We not only calcti- 

 late ami reason that such would be the ct^e, but these 

 statements have been proved irtje to a demonatratioij, 

 in the operations of many sociotice, both in thia coun- 

 try and in Britain. 



Yours, «&c.,a8 ever, 

 Lockpo rt, Nqv; 184J.. NIAGARA. 



Next to the lore of flowets is Uic love of birds.—- 

 Teach your children in mercy to spare the nests of the 

 harmless little birds, and if you have a heart to ba 

 thankful, it will rise up in union v;ith the Imlc songs- 

 ter's coral, to think your lot is cast in auch a pleasant 

 vale of flowers and singing birds. These are some of 

 the many things provided to lighten the toil of labor, 

 and it ia only a vitiated taste acquired from a false sys- 

 tem of education, that prevents us from deriving a 

 great deal of happiness from such small accompani- 

 moms of the journey of life. 



