12. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



is:j 



The Faiuicr. 



If I vvQs oalicd who belonged to lUc piiviloged order 

 our laiid, I eliould reply, tbc farmer, for no olber 

 sasoH ibnn ibal be ie riirciv ever llic vielim of llioee 

 ucluationii of irndc niu! the nirrcnr}' — and that he is 

 ntirtly relived in the sale of his products Ironi the 

 vils of thai eredit system to which almost evciy oth- 

 elass of the eomiminity is suhjccted. 

 Wbcibcr the price of the lieeeesaries of life he hit;h 

 r low, it is all tbc same to the faiincrso far as be pro. 

 uces llieiii for his own consuniplinn. His surplus 

 nlilte the wares of tbc tradesman, or tbc products of the 

 lonufucturcrand the mechanie, will always command 

 aab, and on that account it is at all times freo from 

 hose Hssesaiiicnts which the credit tystcm never fails 

 > mipohx on the capital and products of the other 

 lasses of community; in fact it is always the farmer's 

 iwn fault, and it can never be said that it was nn evil 

 nc;deut«l to bis profession, if he is ever found linked 

 ill bankruptcy, or bis subctaiice diminisheil by bad 

 lebis. 



Look at the poor unfortunate miller antl the pro 

 lucc-buycr, growing up under the hot-bed influence 

 f Banks, which gives an additional stiiniilous to their 

 ■eady too active ganjbling spirit. They are the 

 ■mei's victims. 



Look at the clergyman, faithful and gifted as he 

 nay be in teaching those lovely leBSona which make 

 nan godlike ; yet is he hardly sure from one year to 

 uoiher of a place whereon to lay his bead. 



Louk at the lawyer, now etui ving, unlcES he can get 

 ractieo in that juryless court, whose title burlesques 

 he name of equity. 



The merchant and the trader encumbered and pnr- 

 dized by competition, bad debts, embarrassment, 

 lankruptcy. A victim of the credit system and bank 

 ntiiitions. 



Tlie mechanic, felony eating out bis substance or 

 lisgracing his fair fame, in the shape ofa States Prison 

 •o-brother ; often reductd to the hard necessity of 

 ■naking his employer rich before he can get his pay ; 

 lie career is too often one of labor and embnrrassnicnt. 

 But the farmer with the staft'oflife in his barns, sbeep 

 >n his hills, and pige in bis pen, laughs to scorn the 

 I'actitious ills of life ; 'tis true, he has his cares, but 

 writbout them he would be much to be pitied. If ev- 

 ery thing was done to his liking without his own su- 

 pervision, the devil or some demon passion would be- 

 come his master, 



" M.aking his abundance, tlic means of want." 



The industrious, provident farmer baa the earth for 



lis chemical laboratory, which, in common with it? 



[lowing vegetable surface teaches biin many lessons. 



Flora e his handmaiden, and Ceres and Pomora shed 



(their bounties upon him, making him nature's iioble- 



miau. S. W. 



ItemS) 



Condansal from Exchange Papers, S^-c. 

 Grkit Heifer — A heifer, raised by Col. Paxton, 

 •of Columbia county. Pa., was recently exhibited at 

 iPh.ladelphia. She weighed three thousand pounds, 

 is half blood Durham, and wos sold to her present 

 owner for one thousand dollars. She is live years 

 'old. This shows the great advantages which farmers 

 would rierive from crossing their native cattle svith 

 good full blood Durbams. 



I.NDiA CoTTo.s. — A lot of 100 bnlcs of cotton was 

 sold in the summer in London at 8^d. per lb., being 

 the first shipped from Madras, from the new English 

 plantation. 



C.iRRiACE Springs Made of Air. — Allen Put- 

 am, of the New England Farmer, says that II. L. 

 Ellsworth, (who is at the head of the patent office,) 

 informs him that he lately sign?d o patent for a man 

 (d construct springs f;r roil cars so that ibs passenger' 



may read and write without any inconvenience ; and 

 that he rode in a car, constructed with such springs, 

 loutaining 80 passengers, which fully answered the 

 iX|)cctatioii8 and promises of the patentee. Ilo|ipcars 

 that the spring is made by using npriglit \'i inch cyl- 

 inders, containing nir condensed to oncthirteeiitb of 

 its usual bulk; on which a piston rests ; but how the 

 air is kept cdm|iletcly confined by this piston, while 

 the latter plays freely, we cannot fully understand, as 

 it is unexplained. 



Corn Oil. — In Indiana, vi'bcrc corn is worth only 

 10 cents a bushel, lamp-oil is made from it, by grind- 

 ing the corn, and fermenting it with malt; the oil 

 rises, and is skimmed from the surface, and the meal 

 fed to hogs. 



Trees. — In Japan, there is a law, that no one can 

 cut down tree, without permission of the majeslrate 

 of the place and even when he obtains permission, be 

 must ininiedialcly replace it by another. 



Cheap Roofs. — A correspondent of the Famcr's 

 Cabinet, says, that if rafters, are covered with kiln, 

 dried half- inch boards, closely fitted at the edges, and 

 these with sheathing paper, (such as is used under the 

 oopper of ships,) with a coatingof tar added, nn excel- 

 lent roof is formed that will last many years. That the 

 fg^lowing composition was used in this way for a roof, 

 twenty yettrs ogo, w hicb is now as good as when laid : 

 Eight gallons tar, two gallons Roman cement [woter 

 lime], five Ibs. resin [rosin we presume], and three 

 Ibs. tallow; boiled and very thoroughly stirred, laid on 

 the roof very evenly with a brush while hot. Sprinkle 

 this while hot with sharp s.fied sand, when cold 

 apply another coat of tar, and of sand; and one coat 

 of tar in si.x years. 



An incombustible wash for tlie above is made by mix- 

 ing six quarts of dry, water, slacked, sifted lime, with 

 one quart of line salt, and adding two gallons water, 

 boiling and ekimmilig it. Add to live gallons of this, 

 one pound alum, half a pound ofcoperass, and slowly 

 half a pound of potash, and I'our quarts fine sharp sand. 

 It may now be colored as desired, and applied with a 

 brush. It is said to be as durub'e a» stone, will atop 

 leaks, exclude moss, and is excellent on brick work. 

 Try it. 



Bdddi.vg Roses. — Dr. Van Mons buds roses in 

 June, so that they grow, and frequently blossom the 

 same year. He prepares the young and nnripe wood 

 by separating the leaves, leaving only the foot stalks ; 

 two weeks after the buds .ire swollen and fit for in- 

 sertion ; at the time the bud is put in, the stock is 

 cat off six inches above it. They are bound with bass 

 matting, previously drawn through a solution of alum 

 and white soap, and dried, which completely excludes 

 water. 



To Remove Old Putty. — In taking out broken 

 window glass, nitric or muriatic acid will soften the 

 putty at once. 



Traxslanting Evergreens. — P.nee and spruces 

 arejustly considered a great ornament in door yard 

 scenery, and few ever succeed in transplanting them 

 successfully. The following mode, copied from 

 Downing's late admirable work on Landscape Garden- 

 ing, though notaltogethernew,isexcellent,nndwe hope 

 many will be induced to practice it at this season ol 

 comparative leisure. " The trees to be removed are 

 selected, the situations chosen, and the holes dug, 

 while the ground is yet open in autumn. When the 

 ground is somewhat freztn, the operator proceeds to 

 dig a trench around the tree at some distance, gradu- 

 ally undermining it, and leaving all the principal mass 

 of roots embodied in the ball of earth. The whole ball 

 is then left to freeze pretty thoroughly, (generally till 

 snow covers the ground,) when a large sled is 

 brought as near as possible, the ball of eartk contain- 

 ing thj ijaAioUe-' •".?•■> -• - ■-' ' • — v, '• — -i.».-'s' 



to the hole previously prepared, where it is placed, in 

 the proper position ; and as soon as tlie weather be- 

 comes mild, the earth is properly filled in around tho 

 ball." When skillfully performed, says Downing, 

 this is tho most complete of all the modes of trans- 

 planting, and the trees scarcely show, on the return of 

 growth, any elVtctsfrom removal. • 



Germinating Seeds Kuder Coloictl Glnss. 



The following rcmarlis by " fllr. Hunt, the Secre- 

 tary of the Royal Polytechnic Sol;!cty," in England, 

 relate to a most curious discovery ; and, one which 

 may prove very Useful to the cultivators ol rare exot- 

 ics. We hope some of our readers will be stimulated 

 to repeat the experiments, and to lend us the results. 



"It is scarcely necessary to explain that every beam 

 of light proceeding from its solar source, is a bundle of 

 dillerent colored rays, to the absorption or reflection of 

 which we owe all that inlinite diversity of color which 

 is one ofibe greatest clianns of creation. These rays 

 have been long known to possess different functions. 



" The light which permeates colored glass pai takes 

 to Boiite considerable extent, of the character 

 of the ray which corresponds with the glnsa 

 in color ; thus blue glass admits the blue or chemical 

 rays, to the exclusion, or nearly so, of all the others ; 

 yellow glass admits only the permeation of the iuvd- 

 nons ru5'S| while red glass cuts oll'aU but the healing 

 rays, which pass it freely. This allbrds us a very 

 easy method of growing plants under the influence of 

 any particular light which may be desired. 



"The fact to which I would porticularly call 

 attention is, that the yellow and red rat/s are destruel- 

 iteto germination, whereas under theinjlucnce nf do- 

 let, indigo, or hive light, the process is quickened in a 

 most exiraordinanj manner. 



"The plants will grow most luxuriontly beneath 

 glass of a blue character ; but beneaih the yellow and 

 red glasses the natural procies is entirely checked. In- 

 deed, it will be found that at any period during the 

 eaily life ofa plant its growth may be checked by ex- 

 posing it to the action of red or yellow light. 



" It is with much satisfaction that I find the resnl's 

 to which I have arrived, corrobcrated by Dr. F. R. 

 Horner ol Hull." 



Blue glass for hotbeds could be very conveniently 

 employed. t 



How to Have Good Peaches--Iiic!ian Coin* 



Much has been said and written about preserving 

 the life and fecundity of peach trdes. From the great 

 success attending the recent practice which has come 

 under my obaojvaiion, I am inclined to believe that 

 keeping the ground under the trees clear from grass 

 and weeds, and loose and mellow by continual work- 

 ing, with a judicious opplication of nionure, will do 

 more towards preserving the tree and inipioving the 

 flavor of its iiuit, than all the nostrums in the world. 



It is said that the coffee tree can only be made pro- 

 fitably fruitful, by adopting the above plan. A cofl'eo 

 planter would as soon allow his yard and planting 

 patches to overrun with weeds as his coffee grounds. 



I am much gratified to see of late a moie lively in- 

 terest in the bett'T cultivation of tliat King of the ve- 

 gitaole kingdom, Indian corn. If it is true, that stalks 

 alone, can be more profitably cultivated for sugar than 

 sugar beetf, as affording more soehcrinc matter, and 

 requiring less outlay of capital and expense in the 

 manufncluring process, then truly u happy new era 

 has orrived in the rural economy of the north and 

 west, which will give wealth and independence to the . 

 great corn growing region of the great Wcm. 



The red blazed is the favorite variety of corn among 

 the masterly corn growers of Oneida Co. — it has a 

 small cob and large kcmel. It is earlier than the 

 Dutton, and grows larger in .Seneca than in Oneida 

 c--"-*- 9. W, 



