84 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



New Artificial Manure. 



;i3,n,ightbobeneficiallva,,,!,e,lforU.rnipsorn.nngellNo.2. do. l>y sulphuric acid and the same^x- 



^'-" - " I vvJmel. The most beu.tkml qunnimeB >v.ll easily ti.re, •" ' '■ 



We have seen in several English publications, no- ^^ „scertnined by the iiiielligent iarmer^ jsjo 3. ^o- muriatic aciJ do 1^ m^- 



tices of a new manure invented by iMr.DanieU. The Mr. Hall produced a sample ot the manure-^^^ ^^ nitric acid do 65 lbs. 



SwL Lunt of it gi.en to the Hoyal .^gricultural -- b^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^e" oHf :::^:^^y Nc 5. do. with earbonateof a™Bonia dissolved 



Society, we extract from the Boston Courier, a paper ;^7']^;';';f„'=;";;e „ho exhiUr-d, and it was stated, in leaving the same amount of ammoma withtheear hy 

 ahvavs aUve to thesubjectofagricultural improvement, ,j^^j„g^^,„,,g^ (hat Ihe crops produced %yere great- ^^,^^_ , ^^ 



which quotes it from a London paper. We subjoina ;„ ,„n,uy, "et.cyn quality «.ui weigh^ a^nd^pro- ^^ ^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^^^^ ,,id but no sulphate or 

 •• "■ :"•""■■-"»-""■''«- '"iuciJ with one ^third the mdmary qua. y „Wr.hate of lime, 63 lbs. 



letter on the same subject from our intelligent corres- :L";=^Jj,;;^';;;';i,|'^,l„'b,y be about one third the pre- phosphate of lime, 



pondent at Boston ; and shall give at the earl.est oj^ ^^"^^ ' ^^ bone dusu No. 7. do. sulphuric ae.d 



portunity, a,.y lUrther information which we may ob- __— — ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ 8_ ^^ Xtacid" 



*™'lt hadloncr been a subject of inquiry, what iathe | The knowledge of the ingredients of the celebrated | J>^ ^'^ _,; ^„^„„„,p 

 food of plant6,°how are they supplied, and what are 

 the elements of their growth ? There was every rea- 



, artUicial manure°of Mr. Daniell, has 'at length roach- 

 Ta ed this side of the Atlantic. They are as follows • 



^" '" 'ti'I«or;'n" trr'e'fha""litd:v:rbee'n'rrerto Any ^ wood mechanically reduced to powder-in ^ - ^ ' ^^^^.^ ^, „,,„„,,, 

 kn"otnbSw"h:cb:bV the discovery of Mr, Dan- p,^„ Lrjs saw-dust-this isthe basis, and .t ts to be ^«^^^^ ^,^ ^ ^^, ^^ ,0 ^^^ „,,„,, , 

 ■ .. '__. : .....»««» ..«rrr,i.rtrntu.n linH bccn obtBincd i , 1. 1^ .:o(.,r5.to«i wirh hikHiumdud matters oi all or I _r _™ i..;^ oiro^/W pvkti 



thoroughly saturated with bituminous matters ot all or 

 nnv kind-to this is to be added small proportions of 



63 lbs. 

 39 Ibf. 

 291b=. 

 23 lbs. 



12 lbs. 



37 lbs. 



23 lbs. 



40 lbs. 



O. 10. uu. i «.=^ 



Here No. 5 and No. 10 are useless or jxrhaps worse, 

 ;nrbonate of ammonia already existing in the Uquor, 



No. 10. do. 



[No. 11. do. 



No. 13. do. 



do 

 do 

 do 



carbonate of ammonia do 



with dung alone, 



witliont dung. 



Known; uuameo •>""-". -.r ■"- V,, ■; u,.;„„j 



iell, a most important corroboration bad been ohtnined ^ ^^ ,,_,„„„„..„... .,..„„ - 



of what had been considered 'l^^ ''''^'P^"'' "' .^'T L„y kind-to this is to be added small P^P"''™^ o , ^ jjit;o„ of more ' only renderi<d-to solution 



^h';dfrn";; ■ rnmLI gr:x;g\t:;Vtal'arond 1 sola ar.d quick Ume. an. a very smaU quantity ot | - ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^_ ^„ ^,^ ,„.„,^ „, ,,, p,^,, ,, ,,3 

 nitro<»en. All these elements existed in the atmos- 

 phere, in combination with other elements, in wh.eh 

 state they were found to be the sovirces oi vegetable 



sulphur. I result shows. 



. - ,, , The principles on which this compound 18 termed j„ ly^ 50 of the Scotch auarterly Journal of Ag- 



, '' '''?„T'™ccuft"med appear first rather obscure, but one thing is appa- ^^^^^^^ ^^ 4 ^^^^,,, ,^^„d put under 



'"'''"rrs«itstV:;°.herer"so°fv';ierbe''rstan^ attempttomake an artificial bitum, nous - 1 u 



to ruralp. rsi. te 'l''-;V.''_L''!?P!.°' iXf Hn.ln. the nro- .„„, ,„.l .„ l^o.nthisin a state of slow combustion with 



i^ru^lZnits ti;Mh: h: PS «" vegetable substances r;nt, it is an attempt to make an artificia bitum.nou. . ^^„,^, ^^^,„^ 



collei"ed fcr "he purposes of manure: during the pro- ^oal and to keep thisin a state of slow combustion vvith P ^ ^^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^,^p^^^^_ 



cees of decomposition, became greatly reduced '" 1, ^^^ ^^j^^titulion of soda for the potash ot tne ^ __ ^^g ,, nitrate of 



bulk and weight. If ''',7 ;"^';f'f'f ^,, '''" """^^^^^^^ We are not ^, —„ g j^, 



thisrednctiontUeywoudfindb.. wo»oca^ ,_ ^^. „ ^^^^ 



soda 



Rape dust, 



gallons aminoniacal liquor. 



rtep^rlncipal sources of nutriment to plants. The ^..^n U-fore used, nor what the bituminous matters are; ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ mentioned, but diluted' with five 



discovery of Mr. Daniell contained all the elements ^^^ ^^,y additional information is that it should be bu- ^^^ „nantity of water. 



of vegetable growth. It did "°' «"PP ^ "^^r'/''-?;"^"'!' .ieJ two or three inches underthe surface of the soil. ^^^ ^^^^^.^,^ ^^^ ^i^^^,^ of ^^^ exhibited the eai- 



ricd two or three inches underthe surface of the soil 



Before I proceed farther with an analysis by reason- 

 ing of this new artificial manure, I must lay before you 

 well aulhenVicated proofs of the value in agriculture 

 of the products of the combustion of bituminous coal.* 

 Bituminous coal contains from 13 to IG per cent, of 

 nitrogen or azote, and 4 to 12 per cent, of hydrogcn- 

 in other forms. The d.aeovery ot Mr. uanieii was 1 ^,^^°,i,e eo.al isburnt, thcsetwo gases unite and form , ^ -^^ _ 



suggested by the fact that, while buriung vegetables, ;_^ jjjg ^ ^„ ^, tl,e ammonia ^_:.i. saltnetre, 1 nearly the same, aver- 



he= observed that.the ashes ^beeamebhckenedbyj^he^ "f ;Ttr£ of soda, [ageing 98 1-2 to lOOl, 



very leriiuiing. *u.= .v,.^ --= •-- 1 in uie »uov. .. ..- •'■,,i;,^l " rape dust, ) pounds. 



cause, and as the result of bis investigation he had ^^ ^ff^.^^^^ g^s for illummation, the ammoma i» dis- 

 produced the new manure, 'li^, fJ^™"^! "^ 3 used for purifying the gas and is 



were carbon and ammonia. A\ith 11 the prmcipai , ,. „ ,„„„' :.,^al luiuor of gas works. Accord- 



nroDerlies would not fly off during decomposi ion, as .--ii-l tbp »mmoniacal luiuor 01 K 



01 VegCiaOie givjvv nj. iw«..- i-r-J 



but the same derived from other sources. It was 

 l.nownthnt by combustion substances were rapidly 

 decomposed, and its operation produced the elements 

 of vegetable growth. There were on the earth nu- 

 merous plants which were apparently useless, but it 

 was a principle in nature that nothing should be lost, 

 and they were capable of a reduction into their ele- 

 ments, and being made the means ol vegetable growth 

 in other forms. The discovery of Mr. DanicU was 

 fiuaoested by the fact that, while burning vegetables, _ 



he° observed that the ashes became bhckened by the j ammo.ua :■";;■■;""■., ' j is partiv condensed I 



=„rrnnnHiiic »moke and when used in that state were goes partly into the atmospnerc auu '"F" . 

 very fertilainT T^iiB '^^ him to investigate ,the | ^ ^he soof. When it is burntin retortsfor the purpose j 



times the quantity c. 



The acre with the nitrate of soda exhibited the eai- 

 Uesl luxuriance of vegetation. 



That with ammoniacal liquor the next, but this soon 

 surpassed all the rest. 



That with rape seed shewed the effect the latest, but 

 improved greatly as the season advanced. 

 The produce from 31 square yards of each was, in 



ammoniacal liquor, 1211 pounds. 



properiies wuiiiu ii^'i "7 "■■ — ■ ■» - * , ■ , 



that would take place in the earth. Among other ad 

 vantages, It WIS light in weight, cheap, and capable 

 of befng produced in any quantity. 



" This manure has been applied by the discoverer 

 to his own crops, on three acres ot poor land, in an 

 elevated situation, on some of which he has grown 

 ■whoattour successife years with improving results 

 each year ; its good effects are tberclore founded upon 

 exoerience, personal observation, and the testimony ot 



.*^ 1 . . .„ ,.,rtr^^ Prnn-i llionninre 



. 'S ">♦; g^"' ''"'^ " When made into hay under equal circumstances, oi^ 



called the ammoniacal liquor of gas works. Accord- ^^^^^ ^^ August, the result was— 

 ing to Mr. Blake, of the Boston gas works, 1 chaldron j ^.^^^ saltpetre, 31 pounds 



orli700 pounds, gives 33 gallons of tliis liquor, con- 

 tainin.r5per cent of ammonia, and 21 gallons con- 

 taining 4 per cent-hut the strength of this hquor 

 gcnerrUy varies in different and also in the same gas 



each year ; its good enecis are luercioie .uu.,u.>, ..p... "" ^'^ Gardener's Chronicle, 2d of April, 1842, is a 1 • 

 Xr;rsr,i:^nrt:Tudgl"'Fr:rr:rele^^^^^^^^^^^ rollowmg ex,.riment made with ^^^l-''^^;'^;^^^^^^^^^^^ as^to the great 



of the manure, it is applicable, with some variations i;,juor; ' —' »' »!"> »'"" 



in its composition, to every kind of crop. It is not a ^ j^^^^ quantity of this ammoniacal liquor was test- 

 stimulating manure, in the ordinary sense of the word = <,-en<Jth— it was found that it took 5 1-2 lbs 

 —that is, it will not have a tendency to call into ac- ed lor it» -iien t 



tvity the existing resources in the soil-but its direct Uulphunc acid, contammg bo per cent d^y aci 

 '<r..'. ;„ . ,„„„ .„ tl,o anil tlie diieet nutriment ol ,„,;„ S7 i-2Ibs. liouor. It was then diMded n 



nitrate of soda, 33 pounds, 

 " rape dust, 30 pounds, 

 " ammoniacal liquor, 40 pounds. 

 In experiments with other substances as manure, the 

 product with ammoniacal liquor always exceeded con- 

 siderably the rest. 



These appear decisive experiments, as to the great 

 value of the aminoniacal Uquor produced by the com- 

 bustion of bituminous coal. If, therefore, this new 

 manure wUI give us an artilicial bituminous coal, which 

 will of itself enter into slow combustion and furnish 



ammoniacal product by degrees as 



tvty the existing resources in the soil-but its direct sulphuric acid, containing bo per com "'J'" ' will of itself enter i 



effect is to convey to the soil the diiect nutriment ol „eutraUje 87 l-21bs. liquor. It was then dinded inio ^^^^^^^^^ ^i^^ this .. - 



future growth. This effect is produced by the supply ^^^ pans-in the first the ammonia was neutrahzed by =^ .^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^C i^,„,e„se value to agriculture ; 



of aminouia .0 '•^'^^"■'^'^"^torirf omtL atmos'- phosphoric acid, forming phosphate of ammonia-the J i„„„i„,,avetobejudgedofby 



;rre-:s\he"7i°e°ft"'out'r; plant durmg Their ] Loud with sulphuric acid, f-uing sulph_ate oJ__amm<> | -^^^^.^ .^^ ^^ .^ ltinued_effects as muchas by those 



lere as tuey give u oiu to liiuma uuiuig i"^'» secunu v»i,i. ^.-t — - ; . ■ * *- ooservaiiun wi i^ *^- — — - , . - 



owth. It will probably prevent also the ravoges of „^^_a^e third with nitric acid, forming mtratoot ani- ^^ .^ immediate action. The value of bituminous 



sects. Its mode of application may be various, ac- jj^^„i3^_ti,e fourth with muriatic (hydro-chlonc acid) ^ manure has never been doubted; but like 



;bSbytin'rcrdr.;r.ot;nr;ofre^Ja: formingmu^^^ . , ._.... | many other manures, ithastoooaen been applied in 



growth, 

 insect 



nure, and a direct application to the infant plant as is 

 the case with bone dust. Care, however, must be 

 taken that it is not applied too directly to the piont, or 

 without some portion of mould around it. This 10 

 the only precaution needed to avoid danger in its use. 

 There is one required to prevent waste, as it is of a 

 volatile character ; ihat is, to place it several inches 

 in the earth, as the earth will absorb and retain the 

 volatile and valuable part. For grass lands, for simi- 

 lar reasons, it will be well to have it mixed with a con- 

 siderable portion of ordinary unvalued moidd. If the 

 manure, as manufactured, be mi.xed with an equal 

 bulk of mould, it will be perfectly safe for application ; 

 pr if the mould of the field be stirred over it when 

 drilled it will suffice. The quantity to be used will 

 vary according to the crop, like any other manure. 

 Ahput twenty four bushels per acre are recommended 



Each of these solutions were so 



BOOL as- » "^.*.. „ , I- J -_ 



- X. ,, many other manures, it has too oRen been apphed in 

 mixed with these „,,,ntiiies or in such strong solutions, as 



^,ci. o. t.i.=. = ^ '^^^ 3„,h large quantities or in such strong solutions as 



acids that the quantity of ammonia in each was tne ^^^^^ ^.^ndered it injurious instead of beneficial. Ihe 

 same; they wer. much diluted, and half a pmt of this ^_-^^^^^ consideration of this new manure I will, how- 

 dilute solution was given to each plant ever>- other day . ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^ ^^^j letter. J- E. T. 

 Thirteen experiments were made with 2u cabbage > -— --f „, novea Cattle. ,^ 

 plants each. The weight of the cabbages taken up m ^^ Colma n-I saw in the April number of the 

 the autumn, was as follows; , Pamier a simple remedy for choaked cattle. It may 

 No. 1. Liquor neutralised by phosphonc acid, '° ^^„„^,i^ known that the same remedy may be 

 which was added 300 grains of a '»'^l"«°!^"'" I ^^j i^'eascs of bloat, occasioned by eating clover, with 



phate and pho sphate of lime, 1<W^=- ^^^^„^„j ^^^ecess. , 



TF;:;;er-« .•licilnry give, thefoUowing proportion, of j ^^.^^ .^ j^^j ^^^mer for a cow that was so .nuch 

 """"C^^ln" ."'oi.r"spb"t*'coll Cherry Coal Cauel Coal bloated, that it was almost impossible for her to stand_, 

 " 10 6,25 l"',;?,, ,H„.., r/nmmtsarc andinhalf an: 



■ = ''•'' ■"••^ o-'eVhat these ainolmts arc I and in half an hour after tying the gag m her mouth 



Ahput twenty four busliels per acre are recommeuuuu 1 There ie mucli reason to suppo.e tiiai lae - 1. i „rfecilv reUeved. '-• 



for wheat, and half as much more, or thirty-six bush- I wu^idoraWy ovcrrateJ, she was perleciiy reu 



