^'o. 0. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



87 



any ihin? cleo hy the tmte. I have hcnrd bmcno ob- 

 jection nintle to tin's groin here, nnd ihot is tbo ditri- 

 oilty of threshing il — from its adhering so firmly to 

 the GtrBw. Kut this objection will not have much 

 weight with n good fnnuer, for what is not separated 

 ndde to the value ol tho straw by innkingil niororal- 

 a'.nble to hie stock, by whom it is devonrcd with great 

 nvidity, and ihns goes to a good account not only in 

 the improvement of their condition, but also as a tub- 

 Blitute, and a cheap one too, for hay. L'ul my object 

 in calling your attention and that of your readers, and 

 more particularly those of New England to this grain, 

 is to suggest to them the cultivation and use of it as a 

 gooif substitute for wheat, if it should prove, as I think 

 it will, a enre crop on such soils ns are cot adapted to 

 ihs taller. And as the seed can now be procured for 

 about (he price of common barley, and the c.rpenseof 

 cultivation wonM not bs great, I would reBpecllully 

 recommend to my brother fiarmers ''dowr", east" to 

 make a trial cl it, fend give tho reettlt through the col- 

 umns of your paper. 



Mt. Editor, I am a plain practical farmer, — one of 

 your 8trait;ht forward, every day sort — having always 

 the scare of ihst most ancient a>\d honornhle occupa- 

 tion upon the pnlms of my hands. And I would here 

 like to say, not only, to you but also to your host of 

 teadrrs, that when you see i communication with my 

 name attached to it, you must not expect to find it 

 written in a smooth, flowing, finished stylo, with a 

 Etudied degree of perspicuity and elegance, according 

 to all the rules of silk glove husbandry. But you will 

 rather find it plain, off-hand, farmer-like ; using as 

 much ae possible fhs manner and the terms of an 

 every day cenversation between farmers. And I can- 

 not but hope that you will grant ms your forbearance 

 end forgiveness, if I do occasionally 



" Knock pronouns, nouns and verbs about, 



Put adverbs in a flurry ; 

 Run interjections out of breath, 



Conjunriions hurry skurry ; 

 To ihe real death of Dilwor-.h, Dyke, Home Tooke 

 and Lindley Murray." 



J. HORSriELD. 

 CasHU, TTijoming Co., N. Y. 

 [We arc always glad to hear from our friend Hore- 

 field. We like his plainnees, frankness and spirit. 

 If ho doe? not write good grammar, we have not dis- 

 covered it. We know what h« means ; aad that is 

 till we want to know. 



Tho Naked Barley of which he speaks, or as some 

 coll it the Wheat Barley, is not unknown at the East. 

 We have seen it repeatedly, and in one instance we 

 ki'-ow a trader to take it in for a new epeciesof wheat. 

 But whoever eats wheat bread and barley bread near 

 together, will not be at a loss for the dilVorence. The 

 difnculty of threshing is not of much consideration. 

 The grain deserves cultivation and makes good bread 

 when warm, if the bread-maker does her duty. By Da- 

 vy's tables, barley meal cnntains a largo proportion of 

 nutritive matter ; being U20 parte in 1000, viz — 790 of 

 mucilage or starch, 70 of sugar, end 60 of gluten. Il 

 is highly nutritious when mixed for cattle and swine. 

 —Editor ] 



Value of Agrlenltnial KnowIedge.>-RolUn^ 

 Land. 



Mr. Cot-MAN — Ha-ing been a constant reader of 

 the Genesee Farmer since its first publication, 1 have 

 been interested and have found it protliablo to practice 

 in accordance with its recommendctioiie. 



I have also been much assisted in the arrangement 

 of my farm, in preparing the soil for different crops, 

 and in determining what kinds of grain will follow 

 each other with success, by the experience and exper- 

 iments of brother farmers, as made known through 

 your valuable paper. 



This is an age of experiments, and this aceoiinle 



for the vr.luoble iniprovcmrnts in agriculture inadcat 

 the present day. If I understand the character of 

 your paper, in it there is a door opened through which 

 farmerr (though living in difl'erent parts of the elate 

 or of ihe United .States) may, ns il wore, meet in one 

 general delegation and confer togelhcr, by relating the 

 results of our experience and the improvements wo 

 have made in the cultnro ol the soil. By taking ad- 

 vantage of the privilege yon set before us, the im- 

 provement made by dill'crent farmers in agriculture, 

 will not only benefit themselves individually, but the 

 whole mass of farmers who wish to become enlight- 

 ened and profited by ihc great improvements of the 

 day. 



I am fully sensible, that the influence of the light 

 and irulh, now being disseminated throughout our 

 country by the means of agricultural periodicals, is 

 what the farming interest has long needed. Through 

 these means we have tho assurance of great and last- 

 ing blessings to lbs farming community ; and in the 

 same ratio that they are blessed the whola of mankind 

 is benefitted. Your paper, with others of a kindred 

 spirit, is exerting an influence through which the 

 country fellow, as he is sometimes called in derision, 

 is to be elevated to a man among men, to his proper 

 standing and character in the community. 



Forming has had ray attention and labor from ray 

 youth, and as I have endeavored to influence farmers 

 to speak through your paper to other farmers, I would 

 not be behind hand, though I have nothing remarka- 

 ble to communicate. I would say one word ae to the 

 practice of rolling hnJ, 



This praciica ia beneficial in most caseS; especially 

 on a loose soil, and especially so when we stock down 

 land with spying crops. By rolling land after tho 

 grass eeed is sown, it compacts tho earth around the 

 seed without covering it so deeply that it cannot come 

 up ; it aseists ths earth to retain its moisture ; the 

 seed sooner sprouts and comes up, and the drought 

 does not so readily destroy it. 



I seeded a field of nine ceres to clover with oats 

 last spring, rolled it with a heavy roller, and the seed 

 took well and looks finely, whilst most other pieces 

 in this neighborhood wore cut offby the 'drought. It 

 was also beneficial to the oat crop. It was a Stiii upon 

 which I had raised five successive spring erops ; five 

 acres of the nine had never been manited, the rest 

 not heavily. 



I sowed upon tha nine acres 30 bushels of seed ; 

 they stood up wall when I harvested them. I thresh- 

 ed them the last winter and had 575 bushels, weigh- 

 ing 34 lbs. to the buchel, averaging about 64 bushels 

 per acre. 



Land should always, if possible, be dry when it is 

 rolled ; then it does not make the earth hard and im- 

 penetrable to moisture. 



Yarn's with respect, 



JUSTUS TOWNSEND. 

 Ira, March Z6th, 1842. 



[The above crops must bo deemed large, and Mr. 

 Townsend'fl experience of the value of a roller on his 

 farm, is fully confirmed by the experience of every 

 other farmer, who has judiciously used one. No far- 

 mer should think of being without a roiior hardly 

 more than ha would think of being without a plough; 

 that is a roller should be considered as absolutely in- 

 dispensable. — Editor.2 



An Apology for not Advocating High Tariff 

 Kestrictlons. 



I was somewhat surprised to learn that my January 

 article on Tarifl'and Home League, was regarded by 

 a subscriber and his friend aa evidence of a want of 

 patriotism in the writer ; the more especially as I have 

 ever advocated in the columns of the Farmei, the im- 

 portance of fostering domestic industry, and building 

 up a home trade aa a certain mcriietfor tho farmer, a 



hoM qf hope, ten fold more sure and siedfast, than all 

 tho foreign demand of all tho world besides. Tha 

 ► ubjrct most certainly demands tho freest discussion 

 nnd inquiry, and if I mistake not, the great bulk of 

 ilie candid and inquisitive rural readers of the New 

 Gcnosee Farmer at least, arc not averse to that free 

 discussion on tho subject of national economy, which 

 alone can keep us ns a people, intelligent nnd free. 

 1 have suppoeed that every farmer wants to know why 

 the times are so out jniui, and if I give him my sim- 

 ple opinion of the causes as I understand them, or by 

 virtue of my poor experience, I hope ho will not ar- 

 raign my patriotism, for I love my country in iheEO 

 last days of her gambling excesses, aa a mother loves 

 her long lost prodigal son. 



The theory of a protective tariff and retaliatory du- 

 ties, recoinmcnda itself directly to the feelings of tho 

 superficial observer, and he becomes averse to listen to 

 the detail of such focta ns may overthrow his lon^ for- 

 tified position. The restrictive policy of England ia 

 cited by high tarifT advocates, atone time as an ex- 

 ample for US to follow, and at another time aa giving 

 necessary eause on our part for the enactment of coun- 

 teracting restrictions. But when we reflect that tha 

 restrictive policy of England has grown with her 

 growth, until such is tho fearful factitious state of her 

 civilization, that free trade would at this time only 

 compass her utter deeelRlion ; eught we not to pause 

 before we follow the example of England in her career 

 of high inrifT restrictions ; at least to the extent which 

 is proposed by the high tariff advocates of the pres- 

 ent day. 



A cold damp climate, a contracted territory, mid a 

 dense pent up population, present the excuse of stern 

 necessity for Great Britain. But with our extended 

 country, all producing soil and sparse population, wa 

 are reduced to no such hard alternative. Countcr- 

 actine restrictions would only aggravate the ills v{& 

 Bufl'er. Can it for a moment be supposed that Eng- 

 land will ever cease to stimulate her agriculture to its 

 highest apint of production, when that agriculture as 

 it is, only can enable her to exist in time of war, to 

 maintain her political integrity, and feed her masses 

 independent of aid fr»m without 7 Will a nation 

 whose enormous home trade is little less thae £400,- 

 000,000 sterling consent to prostrate the great sup- 

 porting iitterest of that hoiiie trade, in order to en- 

 courage a trade of a few extra millions with us 1 I 

 think not. 



Why is it that New England, the great work-shop 

 of the union has never advocated a high torifl? be- 

 cause her sound laws have kept her currency sound ; 

 while Pennsylvania, a state with a population equally 

 frugal and industrious, ia crying out in tho dark hour 

 of her distress for a tariff, thus vainly hoping to cur* 

 the evils of a legalised depreciated currency, by a 

 collateral inflation. 



I am in favor of a tariff ample for the purposes of 

 revenue, framed wiih such discrimination as will fa- 

 vor both revenue and protection to our home indus- 

 try. Any higher tariff than this cannot fail to be dis- 

 astrous to the three great interests of the nation, agri- 

 culture, o:mmerce, and manufactures. 



MruUrloo, Ma rch, 1842. __S. W. 



£nr>i —Envy ought, in strict truth, to have no 

 place whatever allowed it in the heait of man,--for 

 ihe Boods of this present world are so vile and low, 

 that they are beneaih it; and those of the futura 

 world are so vast and exalted, that they are above it. 



Workingmen should be especially careful to treat 

 each other with urbanity, and politeness. They will 

 always feel better for it and command the respect of 

 others Toliteness is what every man owes to every 

 other whom he ocknowledges worthy of respect.— 

 Elevator. 



