•12 



d'SL'mnteiKinne llv; idea iliat n competi^iit know'edi^e 

 of tbis suhjeci, eufficiont to answer tlie ends designed, 

 can be obtained in a single term, or a eingle year ; 

 II ir dii we believe iLint evory young man, whose duty 

 it iniy be to till ihe s.jil, in capable of gnininga scicn- 

 tifie knowledge of the subject ; but we would projiose 

 the course to those young men who arc to become the 

 leadiiijj niindd in society, (nnd there ore rnniiy fcucli in 

 every county, in every town tbroui;hout the etiile, ) we 

 would niniie them scientific Inrniers, and, scattered 

 as they would be ninung the Inrmmg community, their 

 example and influence would so n give character and 

 pornianenry to thi.' profession, and bring all under the 

 power of its beneficial effects. 



There is not, lo tny knowledgS, a siligle institution 

 in the country where agriculture is actuallij taught in 

 any of its departments. There are institutions where 

 men niny be instructed in almost every other art but 

 this. There should bo at least one place where the 

 subject may receive that attention which its iinpor 

 tance demands : one ray of light lo show, if nothing 

 more, the darkness which reolly exists. H is impoa 

 sible for me to understand the reason why farmers 

 have not ere this established schools* for the 3ir.dy of 

 Bcientilic agrieullnre. They have given their money 

 to educate ministers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, 

 mechanics, and sailors. They have, as it were, gone 

 out of their appropriate fields, to eiiliivate those of their 

 neighbors ; thoy have been ready to aid every other 

 profession but their own : they have sent their sons to 

 learn to be gentlemen, and to pass well in the world ; 

 but have not made provision for teaching them that 

 professiou in which they are to spend their life and 

 gain their support. 



Attempts have been made in several places to intro- 

 duce agr'cuUure as a branch of study, but have gener- 

 ally lailed, either because ii was a plan to raise up a 

 sinking institution that hnd no foundation to it, or be- 

 cause the institution was established for the mere study 

 of agriculture, as if no prepiiratory course were re- 

 quired, 110 discipline of mind requisite, to obtain a 

 scientific knowledge of the subject. Etfortsare now 

 in progress :o introduce the subject into the Teachers' 

 Semiuaryf at Andovor ; lectures are given upon the 

 subject the present term, nnd it remains to be seen 

 wiiether the farming community will sustain the efTort, 

 J.and make it a thorough and permanent means of ad- 

 vancing the art, or whether they will permit it to add 

 another unsuccessful attempt to raise the employment 

 to the dignity oi a profession, nnd rescue it trom mer- 

 ited contempt. 



A better day, I.irusl is dawning upon us. The pub- 

 lic mind is awakening to the subject. Scientific men 

 are turning their attention lo it. The friends of edii- 

 outioiiare nn.xinusly inquiring forsomelhing to remedy 

 the de.<ecte which exist in this respect in oilr system of 

 popular instructiun ; and it is now for the farmers 

 themselves to put forth their efforts, and we shall soon 

 have instituiions ot a high character, whe-e young 

 men may obtain a thorough and practical English ed" 

 ueation ; where they may study agriculture as a sci- 

 ence, and become qualified to t'ake'their proper stand 

 among the learned of other professions. If the far- 

 mers, mechanics, and merchants willed it, we should 

 soon have seminaries sustaining the same relation to 

 the various departments ot business, that our colleges 

 and prolEssiouol schools do to the learned professions. 

 It would be eory to quote the opinions of many ex- 

 peri.pnccd farmers and men of practical wisdom, in 

 coi.firination of the views here suggested. It would 

 be iiiieresiing to point out example's of the success of 

 eimi.ar instituiions in ether countries. It would he 

 profitable to sketch the plan of such an ins'itution 

 here, but our limits forbid.' 



'Add res, 



NEW GEN ESEE FARMER, 



Vol 



ess before the Vuijiga Count)/ Agricultural So- 

 , cieti,; Ottalicr \ith,lSi\. By Humjihrey flow- 

 \ land; President if the tfocielii, 



Tliis is a short, sensible, and pithy nddrcse, full of 

 sound eentimcnta and intcrcating facts. There is a 

 good deal of poi:it about it ; and it deserves a more 

 permanent rce.jrd than the columns of a newspaper. 



We can civeonly some brief extracts. 



Value of Produce, on tlic krie Cunal. — The Erie 

 Caiud in effect as tn the cost of transportation has 

 brought this county (Cayuga) within 3(1 miles of tide 

 water, and given an accelerating impulse to agricul- 

 ture. 



The aggregate valne of the qrticles- srriving through 

 all our canals at tide water on ihe Hudson river in 

 lft!40, was .'J;'J3,'213,57.S. and there, were the sami 

 year exported exclusively from Cayuga lake, first en 

 lerfd at Montezuma, ],78'i),105 dollais, half of this 

 Hour, and wheat ; butter and lord, J{153,0(T0 ; pork, 

 $91,0UU ; wool, $71, COO; the balance in lumber and 

 sundry articles. That (rom Cayuga lake alone is 

 equal to one tvyelfth of all the expor'ts through all our 

 Caual3,-from LakeChamplain, Vermont, this State, 

 X)hio, Michigan, aiid.tbe far west. 

 r Three importur,t Rules in Agriadlvre. — On the 

 details of Agriculture 1 shall be brief, because volumes 

 won d be icquired to describe it ; nor do I proftsa to 

 understand it, although I have given it much thought 

 fSl^iany years, and have been trained to it from child- 

 hooo^^J^^i living science, susceptibl^^^^mcrove- 

 ment in eflry age. it is included in ih^^^t^kmal 

 niles First, that the soil ought to be dry, or in other 

 words, free from all superfluous moia'ure. Secondly, 

 that it ought to be kept cloan, in other words, free 



* " Kvrry AmerlcRn fnritier," says Dr. C 

 (vvhose opinion isen-illedt . Dperiaj consi.leration.) "who 



pn es inmself on In, fro d nnd iotePigen.e, gi oil,! exert 



himselfi rescue ii; , :i, .:, - i :, i'. mere roiitineof m-ehiin- 



•°'V,.."'_'?".. •,•'"' ' ' " • "^ to instruct his clii dren 



Boaides increasing the 

 such me.-ina will surely 

 ;;'','■ ■ ' ■' -nil, and ivHl afford acoli- 



\-,y^ ;. iiicitelli?ent, educated 



^^ '■ ' ' ' ■' ! ', tlie agricultural oonimu- 



■'' ""' '■■■-■' ''I,: ,11, ■. forego llie heneti s of a 

 mieiiiiu,-e;liica'ioM,niir wliy tlicy Inive not citalilislicd col- 

 leaes or »ciiools lor instruction in the principles of tl.is, the 



ral pr, 



t F am n 

 T>l8'.ed for 

 ditionan. 

 all th(! hr 



and s.-'.pni 



nportant of the arts 



de to 9t;'rethat r.rr.-".neements have lieencom- 



'■■■' !■ -leiitiliciit.Ticultnre.aTidthiii.inad- 



' -I IV 1! lie laid . at in tho spring, .ind 



', ■ ::!-tirc r.itended lo bv a practical 



' i !'■ 1 is'. One of tie principal objects 



^■iniit Ires and fruit; of course al the 



' •I'ingf uit ,ind veg tables may be studied 



■ "~e who may wifhiop.ilronize the effort. 



colle 



sho 



wholly -.0 ihe stud'.' and pr.ici 



beeqaiv.Meiitlnnli Ihe dep.-irlments of EiigMa i' lUeniturc, 



le our eeileges and superior t» tUem la the natural ssleaoca. 



from noxious weeds. Thirdly, thai it ought M he 

 kept rich, or in other words, highly manured. 



I am anxious to impress upon Ihe society the import- 

 ance of the first rule. Our Country, particularly re- 

 quires it. Even our hill lands would be much bene- 

 fited, the declivities and vales nm>.iiora;ed by open 

 ditches to conduct off the surface water, and blind 

 ditches, the water from the soil. This system is ob- 

 taining with good farmers, which will abundantly 

 improve our rich soil, and salubrious iiliniate. The 

 frost of winter perlorins an imporlanl operation by 

 leaving the soil pulverized nnd spongy, easy access to 

 plants which send out tender r^iots lo gather nutrition. 

 Hut if there la early in the season a superabundance ot 

 water, it settles the soil down an unfavorable compact 

 mass. A cousiderable portion of each of a few suc- 

 cecihng yonis should be appropriated by every former 

 for drninage, which will prove an investment worih 

 20 per cent, per annum. Although water is indispen- 

 sible to vei elation, too much of it is as hurtful as loo 

 little, li is necessary to germination of seed, to the 

 decomposition of vegeinb'e matter in the soil, to ihe 

 transmission of the tond from the soil to the plant, to 

 its circulation. But when water remains in the soil 

 to excess', the vegetable Dialler remains insoluble, in 

 consi quence of the absence of heal and air. 



The 2J Rule, with regard to noxious weeils. I am 

 sorry !o have to acknowledge that the Canada Thistle, 

 St. Johns Wort, (Hyperiaum-, perforatum,) Red root, 

 (Liihospermum Arvensc, i &c., are invading our 

 fields. Summer fallow i.driicularly in dry seasons 

 will destroy the Canada Thistle, if when it mskce the 

 least oppearance, or rather previous to ito being ex- 

 ;eot30, plough it once in 10 days for half a dozen 

 itnca. If it cannot respire during that time in sum- 

 r, it mv.stdie, and a remuneraiion for extra labor 

 the well prepared ground, will be reaped the next 

 rvest. The free nef. of plaster will drive oiii St. 

 Johns Wort and daisy with usuol rotation in Crops. 

 Eor the 3d Rule, we have inexhaustible materials in 

 ihose invtihiable minera'e, plaster and lime stone. 

 They should be more used; they will increase the 

 quantity of hay and straw, thebas'e of manures ; the 

 sub sod contains lime, it would be beneficial to loosen 

 it up. Beds of marl 4 feet thick, nearly pure, shells 

 liartially decayed, within 4 feet of the surface, under- 

 lay 10,000 acres along the Seneci river, which was 

 formerly a part of Cayuga lake, now filled up. This 

 marl will be extensively need. A good farinei will 

 turn eveiy atteniion toivards enriching the soil. 



old require a 

 lo e study, 

 iitions of ho 



Hence it n 

 betler,) of 

 and the Oil 

 lauih: pr. 

 witness . 

 houl.l ,v. 

 rains, n i . 



.ils.' r'nd 



p Mtiv« dcparfitueats. 



; Ipast tliree veai 

 It should be funi 

 ■:iculture and iig 

 ■eilent. Alices 



r would b 

 ilh a fiirm, 

 griculture should he 

 sr, the pupils thould 

 in of a teacher. It 

 philttsophical appa- 

 l,i:;ora'.ory. for eJe- 



As Hi the material for fencing, we are not as 

 provided. LocuM trees should be planted alone 

 borders of our numerous roads, which would re" 

 no land from our enclosures. They are ornanie 

 nifirding a cooling shade. The i>ta63 is sweet i: 

 the acacia, the timber enduring, and nithough th 

 sect has severely ottacked it tor the l-ist five 

 observe that most of the trees are gai'ning the a 

 dency. They are not injured after thoy alia, 

 inehca diameter. And we may remember tin 

 that hurtful insects only prevail a very few years 

 lime. They have their day, and disappear lor n 

 interval of years, or for ever. The bqrei has 

 since disappeared in the sontliern pan of thisslal 

 he is no longer there injurious lo the locust. 



Wheat is our staple and most impfirtant pro 

 It is fonnd on analyzing to coniaili moie sacch 

 matter, than sonthein wheat. We may exp( 

 heavy t-rop, if we repeatedly plough deep, and 

 nure with clover, and plaster, or other material ; 

 as earlyas the fiist of Sepiembcr, or before, wi 

 bushels per acre; a less qusiiiity of seed would 

 the ground v/ith plants, but oiTsels or suckers or 

 ns vigorons as the parent slock, which will have a 

 ger head. Seeds of all kinds should be ekilfull 

 lected 



Ar;riru!'ure as a means of Wealth. — A wo 

 my young friends. Do not crowd into the profess 

 and trade, — lh?y are overdone. It has been SU| 

 ed by those who have long observed the cour 

 things, thaito take 40 lods, divide them, ell thing 

 sidered inlo two equal companies, place half ot i 

 in the professions and merehundiss, the ntJiHr ha 

 agricultural pursuits ; llie result will be alte^ 

 of years, the latter will have the greatest a,^i 

 wealth, diffused among the whole ; v.ihi!e perbi 

 fourth of the former may make lorge acqirisitillls 

 families of the other ihree fourths may be fonr 

 rather straitened eircnmstonces. It is the o])inii 

 those whj have long held situations favorable to 

 ohservatione, as lo enable them lo corrie to co 

 conclusions on ihia subject, that only one in fo 

 the trading classes, perhaps from causes beyond 

 ontrol, escape insolvency, or are successful ii 

 rofessions. Is it not strange that young mei 

 I'illing to enter inlo schemes wheie only one in 

 succeeds, while' the farm is like the incxhaui 

 ruiae of oil ? We are directed to draw from the 

 stnntly productive earth, a Bank, which may be di 

 upon at- all times, nnd will not tail, while seed 

 and hnr'.'cet remains. It is the main Spring that 

 the whole machinery in motion. Therefore appl 

 your energies with increasing vigilance to rntal 

 suits. The brief period of Youth is invaluable, "i 

 each day into the account. It is barely suffieic 

 lay the siiperatrueiure of liierary education, and 

 itsofmannnl industry The edifice must be t( 

 by the assiduous attention of after years. 



Address before the Cayvga County Agricultural 

 defy, October I'Uh, I?II. By Dutid Wrigh 

 This address is creditable to its author for its e 

 and judicious remarks. We subjoin some iev 

 tracts. It would be greatly for the advantage o 

 Society if the address of Mr. Howlnnd, together 

 this address of Mr. Wright and ihatofDavid Thi 

 in February last, with tueir list of ofHcers and n 

 hers, and the reports of their diflerent commii 

 were given to the inernbcrs of the .'Society and tc 

 public in a pamphlet form, that they might alwa; 

 accessible nnd form the commencement of an an 

 publication of the same character. 



Ednenlion and Knowledge important lo the |r. 

 mer. — There iFccrininiy no ociupaiion, profesitf 

 or calling, wherein talent, industry, intelligence m 

 ■ -ience are niore needed, or more amply rcwar iff 

 in no other department can it more truly be said, m 

 " knowledge is power." There is no science m 

 may he made subservient to the interests of tin ir- 

 mer, and amongst them may now be lound sodHI 

 our most intelligent nnd best citizens; men olW 

 greatesi atiainmeiits in all the various departroenw 

 literature, science and the arts. And in order tclf' 

 fuse the knou ledge of the few amongst ihemOflto 

 rendei any improvement made by the individual ii n- 

 hers of any class acceptable to the whole of thai c! 3 ; 

 in fine to enable all to profit by the enterprise ani 

 tclligence of each, some method must be neces! 

 and nlilioiigh agricultural journals, if well condui 

 may aid and a.^eist veiy much, j'et it is by meai 

 organized ond efficient agricultural Societies iha 

 greatest pubUeity con be given to the impreveu 



