13S 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER. 



Vol. 3. 



Importance oi' the Education and Tiaijiing 

 of Hie Yoiiiig^. 

 In tlint model of a f!ooJ iiewaiiapar, or vyl^at in our 

 bumble opinion a ncwepnper should be, the Boson 

 Daily Advertiser or Weekly Chronicle and Patriot, 

 we find some cotlracta Irom Horace Mnnn's Oration, 

 delivered in Boston on the last 'Ith July. Mr. Minn 

 is the devoteJ, enligluencd, and most efficient Secre- 

 tary of the Board ot' EJiicatioii in Maaaachuscite. 

 To him the State owes a debt, which no money c':n 

 ever repay ; he baa broken up gronnij, which had 

 lain long inert and barren, and cultivaled and enric lied 

 and made it productive ; and sowed seeds in drills 

 and broadcast over the land, which will continue to 

 bear preciout fmit for e^nturi^s and ages to come- 

 High 08 wo estimate our own art, and in some re- 

 spects in importance it yields to few others, yet what 

 is any system of agriculture compared with that mor- 

 al husbandry by « bich the seeds o( virtue ore to be 

 quickened into life and souls ore to be trained for im- 

 mortolily 1 



AVe labor in our bumble sphere that the earth may 

 be made productive for the comfortable subsistence, 

 and be embellished and beautified for the enjoyment 

 and delight of man ; but what are its richest fruits or 

 its brightest ai'ornmenle compared with the adorn- 

 ments of the intelleciual nonire,and the moral fruits 

 of the heart and mind ? We aim to give the famish- 

 ing bread, and to cause the earth to yield to industry 

 and skill those supplies which God designed that in- 

 dustry and skill should command; and without our 

 art and our effiiris, all other arts and all other eflTorts 

 woii'.J be vain. We hold, likewise, thai the success 

 ond improvement of tho gveot art which we profess, 

 ore eminently the work of true philanthropy ; and 

 have, in vorioua ways and forms, a serious connexion 

 with man's moral welfare. But we nre not voin nor 

 simple enough to place any merely worldly acquisi- 

 tion, any physical improvement or advantage, ii| com- 

 parison wiih ibe blesjing.s of high intellectual in its 

 connexion with high moral culture ; the bread which 

 feeds and sustains our onimal nature, in comparison 

 with tho true bread of Inc, wisdom, virtue and piety ; 

 the aliments of the immortal eoul. 



Mr. Mann's views on tbe subject of the iiitinite im- 

 portance of this intelleciual and moral training, ore 

 ni'iat admirable. Wo expected from him in this case 

 as much aa we could have expected from any man, 

 and he hasocquitted himscll', so far as these extracts 

 go, as well aa any man living could have done. In 

 beauty, in power, in true eloquence, above all in ihcir 

 fearful seriousness and Bolemuity, we do not know 

 when they have been surpassed. — Ed. 



" O ! bettor, far belter, that the atheist and tbe 

 blasphemer, and be who, since the lost selling sun, 

 has dyed his hands in parricide, or his soul in sacri- 

 lege, should ohallsiige equal political power with ihe 

 wisest and the best ; belter, that these blind Samsons, 

 in tbe wantonness of their gigantic strength, should 

 tear down the pillars of the Republic, thon that tbe 

 great lesson wbiob Heaven, for six thousand years, has 

 been teaching lo Ibe w.rld, should -be lost upon it ;— - 

 tbe less ni that the intellectual and moral nature of man 

 is the one thing precious in the sighi of God; and 

 therefore, ih t until this nature is cullivaied. and en- 

 lightened, and purified, neither opulence nor power, 

 nor learning nor genius, nor domestic sanctity, nor 

 the holiness of God's oliare, can ever be safe. Unlil 

 tbe immortal and god-like capacities of every being 

 that comes into the world are deemed more woriliy, 

 are watched more tenderly, than any other thing, no 

 dynn.sty of men, or form of government, can stand, 

 or shall atand, upon the face of the earth ; ond ihe 

 force or the fraud which would seek to uphold them, 

 sbiill be but " og fetters of flax to bind the flame." 



"Let those, then, whose wealth is lost or jeoparded, 

 by froud or misgovernnient ; let those who qunke 

 with apprehension for the fate of all they hold dear ; 

 let those who Dehold and lament tbe defecralion of all 

 ihatisholy; let rulers whose counsels nre perplexed, 

 whose plana are bnflVjd, whose laws defied or evaded ; 



let them all know, that whatever ill tiiey fee! or i'uar, 

 arc but the juEi reiribuliona of a rightipouB heaven for 

 negleried childboud. 



" Remember, then, the child whose voice first lisps, 

 to-day, before that voice shall whisper eedilioii in se 

 cret, qr ihunder treason at the head of an armed band. 

 Remember thecbild whose bond, to day, first lilts its 

 liny bauble, before that band shall scatter fire-brandt', 

 arrows and death. Remtmber those sportive groups 

 of youth, in whose halcyon bosoms there sleeps an 

 ocean, na yet scarcely ruffled by tbe passions, which 

 soon shall heave it na with ihe tempest's stienglb. 

 Remember, that whatever slalion in life you may fill, 

 ibese mortals, — these inmionals, are your core. De- 

 vote, expend, eonaecrate vouraeivea to tbe holy work 

 of their improvement. Pour out light and truth, aa 

 God pours sunshine and rain. No longer seek knowl- 

 edge aa the luxury of a few, but dispense it amongst 

 all as tbe bread of life. Learn only bow the ignorant 

 may learn : how tho innocent may be preserved ; the 

 vicious reclaimed. Call down the aslronomer from 

 tbe skies : call up the geologist ^rom bis subterranean 

 explorations; summon, if need be, tbe mishtiest in- 

 tellects from the Council Chamber of the notion ; en- 

 ter cloistered halls, where the scholiast muses over 

 euperfluoua annotations ; dissolve conclave and synod, 

 where subtle polemics aie vainly discussing thqir bar- 

 ren dogmas ; — collect whatever of talent, or eruoition, 

 or eloquence, or authority, tbe broad land can supply, 

 anil goforih, Afn tkach this people. For, in the 

 name of ihe living God, it must be proclaimed, that 

 licenliousnesa shall be the liberty ; and violence and 

 chicanery shall be tbe law ; and superstition and craft 

 shall be the religion; and the self-duelruciive indul- 

 gence of all sensual and unhallowed jiaesions, shall 

 be the only happinesa of that people who neglect the 

 education of their children." 



niiscellaiieoiis Matter*.— Ch.qntre of Plants.— 

 The Cut Worm. —The Pea Bug.— The Cur- 

 ciilio." The Spider,— Flies Eating Woolen 

 Yarii.«-Summer Potatoes.-i^Inrrain £u Cat- 

 tle.— Wheat and Che.ss.— Horn Ail. 

 We publish the subjoined letter with much pleas- 

 ure. We cannot endorse all the opiniona and asaer- 

 liona of our correspondent, and are not willing to op- 

 pose ihem. ■ It is dilighiful to aee these workings of 

 an inquisitive and obgerving mind; and the letter is 

 ol great value, if it did no more than present so 

 striking an example of intelligent and exact observa- 

 tion, Tbe dilTerence between living in the country 

 or travelling through the world with our eyes open or 

 our cyea abut, is beautifully illustrated by auch an ex- 

 ample. — Ed. 



Mr. Editoh — Perhaps you may think it elrange to 

 hear from a friend in Ohio. I have token your poper 

 ever since yoj commenced the New Genesee Farmer, 

 but I do not recollect of seeing anything shewing the 

 manner in which seeds of vegetables mix or omolga- 

 mate with others of their own species. On almost all 

 kinda of plants and treea there ore false and bearing 

 bloesoms, which might be termed mole ond fcmalc, 

 on the sonic tree or plant. Tbe dust or flour which 

 these blnssome contain, ie necessary to form the seed ; 

 now if thia flour ia taken from the male blossom of its 

 own plant or tree, it will produce genuine seed, but 

 if it is taken from another individual of its own spe- 

 cies, it will produce mixed seed ; hence the reason 

 why apple aeeda do not produce trees bearing fruit of 

 iheirwwn quality ; but the quality of the fruit ie not 

 changed, it being the covering of the seed, I have 

 broken open a squash and taken out sceda to plant, 

 when, to my uiter ostoniehment, tlicy produced bolf 

 pumpkin ond half aquosh, good for nothing for cither, 

 except one vine, which prjoduced ils original variety. 

 Tbe question may properly be osked, what agent con- 

 veys seed from one plant to onother ? I answer it ia 

 thebeea, and all other insecta that delight to viait the 

 (lowers of aummer, carrying with them the dual 

 which lorms the aeed. All kinds of potatoes may be 

 planted together in one field without mixing, so with 

 all kinds of beets and turnipa. A white man and 

 negro may as easily mix by working in one field to- 

 gether, as those plants can by growing tsgetber ; the 



only time of omalgnmaiion being when in tbe bloe- 

 aom. I must dismiss this subject for abler bands to 

 finish. 



Will you accept some hinta on the natural history 

 of some of our formidable insects. 



The Cut Worm or Black Grut. 

 Thia worm is produced from on egg, generally in 

 the month of May, and grows rapidly, shedding its 

 skin several times, until it comes into the chrysalis 

 state. It remains in this torpid state from 8 to 12 

 dojs, depending on the temperature of the weother, 

 from whence it comes forth the perfect miller or moth, 

 resembling the bee moth, though o little larger and of 

 a darker color. Ita time of perfection is generally 

 from the first of July to the middle ; its food conaists 

 of all kinds of vegetablea and green roota ; it com- 

 raits ita depredations in the night while in the worm 

 state ; it goes through with the same operations that 

 the ailk woim does, except spinning. The millers 

 deposit their eggs ir\ the ground in autumn, where 

 they rotnain during winter. 



The Pea Bug. 

 So well Acquainted are mosi persons with this in. 

 sect, that it needs no description, but the way it geta 

 into the pea is not generally known. The egg is de- 

 posited on the outside of the pod ; it is of a yellowish 

 color, resembling that of the bo^se bee, though not 

 quite so lorge ; it adheres to the pod opposite to the 

 pea on eoch sid^, \yhen it botches and borca ita vyay 

 through the pod into tbe pea, where it is transformed 

 into a bug, ond remains there until the next spring, 

 when it comes out and flies about and waits for the 

 peas to grow. 



The Circulia. 

 The insect or bug that dectroyo plums 0(i4 cherries, 

 resembles the peo bug in size and color, except the 

 head, which is very long and slender and armed with 

 sharp teeth or a point, with which it perforates iha 

 skin in a circular form jnd deposits the egg, which 

 batches ai;d bores ils way to the stone, which imme- 

 diately causes it to perish and fall off; thia insect can 

 fly. I auppose it ie what is called the curculio, though 

 I have not seen it fully deacribed. When this insect 

 ie held between your thumb and finger it will make a 

 squeaking noise. 



The Spider. 

 Thia insect is a friend to ogriculture, although it ia 

 considered to be disgusting ond poiaonoue, and many 

 there are that will start back and screom at the sight 

 of a spider, aa if it were a venomous reptile. This is 

 because tradition ond superslition have got possession 

 of our senses. J hove been bit by epidera ond leceiv^ 

 ed no more injury than from a fleo ; yet there may 

 be eome spiders whose bite ie poisonous. The apidcr 

 baa eight lege and eight eyes ; it ebeda its skin seyer- 

 ol limes in the course of ita life ; it eonietimea suf- 

 vives tho winter in a torpid state ; it is, like other 

 beasts of prey, capable of enduring hunger a long 

 time ; its food consists wholly of fliee and insects, 

 which otherwise would devour our crops. Look at 

 ihe muliitude of ^ebs in the morning after the fog 

 has left the air, and you will see your field nearly cov- 

 eied, and all of ihece little neta are set to catch in. 

 sects. How many thousonda ore doily destroyed. 

 Yet prejudice has got such hold of our minda that we 

 Irequently etep aside to crush them ond deeiroy their 

 nests. Whoever ia guilty of doing so, is not ac 

 quainied with the history of the spider, or they act 

 against their own best interest. 



Flks Eating Woolen Yarn. 

 We often bear our women sny the flies have eaten 

 our yarn ; but this ie not correct. I will clear tba 

 fliee of this mischief for tho good reason that they 

 have no teeth. The insect that does this mischief ia 

 alittle Dtilleior moth, which deposits its eggs in the 



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