3. 1). 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



141 



cing in the coflr'se of <)ne or two years. Icon, 

 rel'ore, say tbnt " it siill holds the Eame plnceiii my 

 em that it did in 1837 ;" and that I have never re 

 tied the oi'.ilny, and consider it one of the beet ma- 

 nes ihot bai over fallen under mV oliBervniion. 

 rom the descripiioii of " Hibbard'e Power," I 

 uld think it eomplicated ; not so with Halc'e, 

 ch I will attempt to describe. It ie n self support- 

 chain, with a wood floor, running on an inclined 

 re, and occupies a space of iliree by ten ftet. Al- 

 igh the lio.\ in which the horse walks ia narrow, 

 of four horses only one proved so refractory but 

 t they were made to work : and to work it to ad- 

 tagc, it requires a beaVy, free, qiiick-stepping 

 se, with which from 60 to 70 bushels of wheat or 

 and from SO to 100 bushels of oats can be 

 slicd in o!'.e day. The thresher is on open or 

 eton cylinder and concave, set with small teeth 

 U IJ inches long, secured by screws, and with the 

 iption of breaking three or four of the teeth with 

 ol, lUi accident or expense bos occurred, 

 n 1S41 I procured one of Pitt's Separators and 

 ning Blachir.cs, and otiached it to my thresher, 

 ch does not seem to increase tbelabor of the horse 



iritle, and delivers the grain clean for ihebog; 

 I consider a great saving of time and labor ; 



des the separation is more complete. When the 

 shing is performed at one operation and the fan- 

 ; at another, it requires more room on the floor, 

 it generally ttkca as much time to clean up as it 

 to thresh. With two men and one horse, 1 con 

 thresh, bind up the straw, stow it away, and put 

 bushels of oats into my granary, m as good order 

 hen passed through the fanning-mill separately, 



1 must say I prefer lo hare the two operations 

 )rmed at Ihe same lime. 



■. Pitts is now in your section with some of his 

 bines, so improved that they will thresh and clean 

 uch grain, I will venture to say, as any other now 

 50 ; and I have no doubt a descerning public will 

 appreciate their value, and encourage an intius- 

 s and ingenious mechanic. 



has been said, with how much truth I will not 

 :nd to say, " that Pitts' machine is in advance of 

 ige^that the farmers are not prepared for so per- 

 1 machine." The price at which he holds them 

 IS to be the greatest objection ; still, livhen we 

 into consideration the advantages they have over 

 ■8, viz : eon be used in on open field ; will thresh 

 slean at the same time, as much grain, and do it 

 ell, if not better than any other machine, with 

 ame power and less hands, it tennot after all be 

 dered a dear machine at .|i250. His horse power 

 ry strong and works remarkably easy, and is so 

 id as not to be easily put out of order. 



the time t purchased my machine, Mr. Hale 

 .tfactured them at Waterlord, but soon after re 

 ;d and established himself at Rome, where, 1 



been informed, lie made some improvement in 

 ireshcr. This establishment was burned down a 

 ^ears since, and he then removed further west, 

 what place I am not advised. It would be well 



would moke known his whereabout, by an ad- 

 sement in the Farmer.- 



om the ei.^ years experience I have had with his 

 line, I would recommend them to the farmer who 

 jatea from COO to 1000 bushels of grain, and to 

 armor who cultivates his thousands of buehels, 

 uld, without any disparagement to others, advise 

 purchase of Pitts' Thresher and Separator, as 

 for economy as dispatch. 



C. N. BEMEST. 

 tree IIUls Farm., August, 1842. 

 heat was selling at Chicago at 6?J ote., Aug. 23. 

 itflfalo, eScts., Aug.29. 



Reply to Joliii Fanner on a National Tarifl 

 for protection^ 



Mr. Coi.man — Your correspondent, John Farmer, 

 travels without his host when be undertakes to sus- 

 pect mc of mistating facts. Had he been as well in- 

 formed on the subject of our National TarilT, as be is 

 refined and witty, he would have known that the high 

 tariffs of 1828 and 1833 did not rMcirhevcn a iilajori- 

 tij of xhctelcs of the New England States. 



The votes from the Journal of the U. S. House of 

 Representatives on the tariffs, from Isltj to 1833, will 

 determine this. I would also advise John to read Mr. 

 Saltonstoll's report from the committee on manufnc- 

 tures, March 1st, 1S13. Ila Will then learn, that the 

 duty on American cotton as proposed by that commit- 

 tee, is made as Mr. Saltonstall osseris, " to conform 

 to a statement made by Edw. Gray, Esq., on manu- 

 facture of Ellicott's Mills in Maryland." The Yan- 

 kee Cotton Menior'alieis tell the committ'ee plainly, 

 that the domestic articles of most of the White, and 

 mimy kinds of colored cotton goods, need no protec- 

 tion, that they Supply not oi^ly all the h4me market, 

 but lliot they are exported to the average amount of 

 $3,000,000 onmially. 



John Farmer asks why 'AVe thB New fenglalid 

 Factories closed and their hands unemployed at this 

 time. 1 will let a manufacturer of niy native town 

 answer the question ; he saj's, " we have four cotton 

 factories and one of negro cloih now closed;" I asked 

 him if a protecti\'!e tarift" would help them, he replied 

 " that their own cheapness was a sufficieHtptoteciidn-, 

 that we hod all the home market, fine prints except 

 ed, with a fair demand for export ; that over-produc- 

 tion, from howe Conipe'tition and the vast improve- 

 ment in machinery, had long been the cause of very 

 restricted profits to the manufacturer, and that the 

 present stagnation of trade precluded sales even at 

 the lowest profits ; hence the necessity of producing 

 less." 



But John Farmer does not seem to know that the 

 manufacturing interest of the United States has been 

 fostered more than nny other interest, and that its in- 

 crease has been in full ratio and proportion to the in- 

 crease of our agriculture and commerce. In proof of 

 it, our imports for the 3 years preieeding the first em- 

 bargo, averaged 22 millions of dollars p'Sr annum 

 more Ihaii in the year 1540. Siiice 180S, it is com- 

 puted that the machinery erected in New England 

 alone, is equal to the labor of two millions of indi- 

 viduals. It also strikes me that friend John has an 

 exceedingly nutshelhd view of the htmifications of 

 our foreign trade, when he says that "specie is the 

 only article with which we at the north can pay a for- 

 eign debt." We paid eight millions in the article of 

 Hour alone last year, to say nothing of our other north' 

 ern exports. But is hot the north as direttly inter- 

 ested in the exports of the south os the south itself? 

 If John will attend an abolition lecture he can there 

 learn the fact. The north manufactures and caere 

 for the south, and receives its pay in bills on England 

 drawn against cotton, rice and tobacco ; and at this 

 time biHs ore «o plenty in the New York market, that 

 specie will pay a freight from England to the United 

 States; so far fiom our specie runningout of the coun- 

 try at this time, the tide has now turned and specie is 

 running in, to fill up the vacuum made by the explo- 

 sion of our paper bubble. Hence it appears thnt it 

 was a high tariff and an inflated paper currency, 

 which drove our specie out, and that a reduced tariff 

 and sound currency ore bringing it back ogain. So 

 far from specie going out of the country, it never 

 goes out when it is indiepensible for a currency at 

 home ; but when bank paper can be made not only lo 

 represent specie, but intrinsically to supply its place 

 specie has no longer any office to perform here, aitd it 



will of course be exported whBro it is i-f more lBgiti> 

 mate use. 



I will not accuse John Farmer, aa he did Me, Willi 

 wishing to mietnte facts, when ho says that "our 

 specie has gone out of the country in an u!limerr\ipled 

 a ream," I only want to show him that he is at issue 

 on that point with the report of ihe Secretary of the 

 Treasury. Mr. f orwiird seta down the imports of 

 specie into the United Stale* from 1821 to 1841, at 

 •f I81,501,.')I0, whde our exports for the eafiVe time 

 were only $133,759,910. As much specie is brought 

 over by priVAte immigrants which is not iak«n into 

 the above act^ount, the amount of our imporifl of spe- 

 cie is iirobobiy much larger than this exbibii. During 

 the present year, 1842, the import of coin has been 

 unusually large. So that there is but little doubt hut 

 that for the last twenty years, in spite of all our pa- 

 per substitutes, the specie of these United States has 

 increased at least fifty millions of dollars. 



The difference of opinion between John and my- 

 self, is simply this. 1 want all our great national in- 

 terests, agriculture, manufactures and commerce, 

 protected by sound artd equal laws ; but be seems lo 

 embroce the delusive notion, that if we stimulate man- 

 ufactures by taxing the other interests, the home mar- 

 ket of the farmer will be so much increased by it, that 

 he can easily dispense with that foreign trade based on 

 exports, which has for the last twenty years furnished 

 us 60 many luxuries, and increased our specie to tho 

 nmountof fifty millions of dollars-. S. W. 



Waterloo, Aug. 6/h. 1842. 



Sfiagara Agricultural Society,--Kule of 

 Premlums« 



t" his Society, whose fair is fixed for the ]8ih and 

 19th of October, have offered $500 in premiuiiis. 

 This does them much honor. They add farther, what 

 ought to be considered every where os obsoluie, that 

 the conditions of competition and premiums will be 

 invariably adhered to. The crops, likewise, which 

 will receive the premium, it is stated, will not be tho 

 greatest', but those which are raised at the least ex- 

 pense. We deinulr entirely to this condition, as its di. 

 rect effect will be to discourage effort and cultivation. 

 The great object of all premiums in regard to crops, 

 should be to see Aot^ much can be produced on an acre ; 

 and the whole method and expense of cultivation being 

 detailed, nny man con then judge for himself whether 

 the increased crop will pay the increased expense • or 

 whether such cultivation be profitable. But in tho 

 other ease, by theobove rule, a premium may in foot 

 be given lor negligence and parsimony. An applica- 

 tion was made not long since to an Agricultural So." 

 ciety for a premium on a crop of grain, as well as we 

 can remember, where the applicant rested his merit 

 in getting a largo yield withcut hating applied any 

 manure, without having ploughed more than once, and 

 without having bestowed only the viost sxrpcrficial after 

 culture. That is, be wonted a premium for the natu- 

 ral fertility of his soil. Which was not due to himself; 

 or in other words, he wanted a premium for having 

 done nothing, which can haidly be recommended by 

 the Society os the beet mode of improving agricul- 

 ture. To determine the comparative profitableness 

 of crops, an entirely different set of [iremiums and 

 rules should be instituted. — Ed. 



Woolen Rags for Manure. — About 20,000 tons of 

 these are annually consumed by the farmers in tho 

 South of England. They are said to warm the land. 

 The good effects extend to the second year. — Johnson. 



Red Cedar. — If the lining of drawers in which 

 clothes are kept is made of pencil cedar, no moths or 

 other destructive insects will get into them. This 

 wood ia cheaper than wainscot or mahogany, and 

 gives on agreeable perfume to the clothes. 



