iSo i~- 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



179 



l:,-i year «ha >i|)p.-.uui U) nil. 1 ue liiigc mmibir i.i 

 tine Uloi'iied ciilvts. coltj, pit's, i&c , im llie uuiiiiid, 

 WHS eiMK-lusive evidence of ilie improvi meiiis w hicU 

 are ^oing on, mid which promise much lor ibe fiilnre. 

 Bill 10 the Fair. 



T.icday was not plcBsnnl — col J, cloudy, Init no 

 rain. E'lily in the iluy, people bcgnn to ninke their 

 way to Pcnii Yan; on every rood might be scrn the 

 farmet wiili his stock seeking in the true spirit of 

 emiilniion, the place of ixhibiiion ; here a cow and 

 call, there a noble Durham bull, docile aa a lamb and 

 lend by the hand of .•) boy : and then again the quiet, 

 inuoL-ent looking Sa.xony and Merino cwea, and the 

 fine coated and prouder looking bucks ; and with the 

 lowins; of the beards and the bloating of the llocks, 

 was the less melodioos voice of the gruntcr tribe, the 

 B^rkehircs, &c. of our farmers. On they came, pre- 

 6 ntin^ a singular appearance, the commingling o! 

 man and beaet, each dre..'sed and (itted lor a gala day. 



At eleven o'clock, the various yuids, now full, and 

 to Uic looker-on from ilie slops of the Con' t House, 

 the scene was animating and full of interest; there 

 in that moving mass, were the produceis, the hard- 

 working, v/eulth-oreatiiig men of Yates county. Now 

 came the various committees, and leaving tbeni to 

 their e.Kauiinations, we tvill enter the Couit House, 

 and see what is tliere worthy of notice; and here 

 comes the handy-work of woman, to cheer and enli 

 veu tbo scene — the subaiaiituil uniting with the orna- 

 ineniiii — lire comforts comuiingliiig wilh the luxuries 

 of l;ie. Fruits and lluwcrs, vegetablee and plants, 

 the jiroductsof the dairy and the spinning whet I and 

 loom — here a splendid specimen of ingrain carpeting, 

 with iis many colors beouiifully arranged — and there 

 the substantial and tasty coverlet, beepenUing a timely 

 preparnlion (or the cold of w.nler ; and thou, as a 

 clima.x to iho whole, the beautifully ornamented hearih 

 rug. and the unsurpassed workmanship ol the "tio. 

 man and stand rugs, with their finely wrought pic- 

 tures and representations, such aa none but the taste 

 and iiiduairy of woman could produce — and with 

 t'.esa their bandy craft, was woman htraclr", the beet 

 and hvciiest of all. Now, w here shall we go ? 



L.'t us down for a time, for you perceive there is a 

 rush for the Court House ; ihe hour has come for the 

 meeting of the society, to hear the address, reports, 

 &c. The house is now crowded and jammed full — 

 the President is in his seat, and the voice of the strong 

 man has chnroied ihe vast audience into silence and 

 nitention. Well, tlie a:ldress is (inished, and was it 

 not a good one — full of just sentences — of deep and 

 well digested ihought~of sound and wholesome ad- 

 vice, and of elevated and commanding eloquence? 

 and take ii oil in all, style, manner and sentiment, ii 

 was the best, among all the good things, that we 

 ever heard from Francis Adams. But we must hur- 

 ry on — 



Tbe Monroe Connfy Kppoits. 



Ml. Colman having been necessarily absent during 

 moat of the past month, was unable to copy his Ad- 

 dress for pnldicilion as suon a3 was expected. The 

 pamphlet rontaining the address and transactions of 

 the Society is now in preparation and will be ready 

 frjr distribution very soon. The following are ex- 

 tracts from the Reports. 



Rei>oit on Plonghing. 

 The committee on ploughing respectfully report, — 

 that the number of competitors on the ground was 

 greater than they have ever before seen — seventeen 

 having entered the !;eld and several were disappoint- 

 ed on account rf the whole ground that was fit being 

 occupied. Tbe show of teams, ploughs and plough 

 oys, was higlily creditable to Monroe county, and 

 would have done honor to the oldest and richest coun- 

 ty in the state. But to speak of the jcor/c, the com- 

 mittee feel themselves unable to render that praise 

 which the cornpeitors jiieily deserve ; the whole 17 

 having performed their work, as we think, to the en- 

 tire snt'sfaction of the most fa8tidini:.i and particular 

 person that can be produced. The committee peram- 

 bulated the ground for nearly two hours, before they 

 could even satisfy themselves where the preference 

 slionld be given, and it is perhaps o mere lottery decis- 

 ion as we have decided ; so nearly perfect were a large 

 number of the lands ploughed. 



The committee came to the conclusion to prelcr 

 the work where iLe furrow slice was most perfectly 



invcrloil 'vithaiit ii ; , n;, itloiciu-o i 'ing had to the 

 otraightntfs and umformily ot the furrows; believing 

 that the poorest ploiitjhs leave the furrow on edge, 

 and ordinary ploughrf leave it half turned over and 

 resting on its fellow. The committee are aware lluil 

 a diversity of opinion exists on this subject, and they 

 maybe in error , but if to, it ia not from any inter, 

 csicd motive. They think the moat perfect plough is 

 the one that most perfectly inverts the furrnw and 

 buries every particle ol the grass, parlicularly for 

 fall ploughing and spring crops. The oppotiie opin- 

 ion may with consistency he maintoined i'or the ordi- 

 nary summer fallowing. 



The committee therefore report the following per- 

 s.ins entitled lO the Societies premiums. 



The firs; premium lo George ShefTer, wilh ihc 

 " Premium Plough," held and driven by .lohn Sell. 

 Quarter (,.'' an acre ploughed in 49 minutes. 



The second premium to Donald McNaughton, with 

 the " Caledonia Plough," held and driven by Robt. 

 Pattison. 



The third premium t.) Charles Burr, with the 

 •' Cuyuga County Plough," held and driven by O. 

 Parker. 



The fourth prenfiium to John H Robinson, with the 

 " Livingston County Plough," held end driven by 

 himself. 



To Robert H. Brown of Greece, the first premium 

 for the best work done by o.xen, ploughed by Joseph 

 Brown, with the " Wiseonain Plough." 



The committee dare not trust the.-nselvesto particu- 

 larize, or bestow that ; raise that is due to others to 

 whom tbey have not awarded prsniiiima ; aa it would 

 embrace every individual on the field ; hut they can- 

 not omit to mention with great satisfaction, the work 

 done by the Howard, Monroe County, Livingston 

 County, Gcnesco County, Locklin and Scotch 

 Ploughs, and the individuola who handled them. It 

 is parlicularly gratifying to the committee, to notice 

 the great attention and improvement in that pariof the 

 manipulaiions of agriculture which must be consider- 

 ed the base upon \yhieh the whole 6i\perstriic,ure 

 rests ; and it speaks well for the county which bus 

 been selected as the Banner County, where is to bt 

 held the prent Slate Fair for 1S43. 



All of which is respectfully subtnittcd by the com- 

 mittee. 



L. B. LANGWORTHY, 

 C. F. CROSMAiV. 

 FRA.N'KLliN CATE. 



Extraofsfrom the Report of the Com rn it tee on 

 non-eiinineiatwl articles. 



ATWATi;Il's STEAM CKKKRATOR. 



Stephen Anvaier of Rochester, exhibited an inge- 

 nious Portable Siea.m Generator, a new invention of 

 his own, that promises to be of great aer\ ice to Farm- 

 ers. With 6 lbs. of dry hard wood it will cause a 

 barrel of water to boil in SO minutes. Its cost is only 

 $15. We award the inventor a premium of $'6. 



KT.\" HiT BNirK, &c. 



Messrs. B.irton & SmiJi of this city, exhibited a 

 very choice collection of Cutlery and Farming Imple 

 men's, ntrong which was a new kind of Hay Knife 

 of their own invention, wliich tl:e committee believe 

 to be n great improvement, and they recommend it to 

 the examination of all who have use for such an arti- 

 cle. The committee award each of the gentlemen a 

 bound volume of the Transactions oi the N. Y. State 

 Agricultural Society. 



OIL AND CA.vm.ES FROM LARD. 



The committee would close their report by calling 

 the attention of the members of the Society to the lard 

 oil and stearine candies, specimens of which were ex- 

 hibited fi.>m a manufactory at Cleveland, O. These 

 two articles must hereafter Kttraet much attention 

 ihroughoui the wholeconntrjF. Tbe lord oil is already 



u great demaml for machinery and nionmaciiiring, 

 and has been used in several of the light h.mses on 

 ihc hikes, and is said lo burn clearer and longer tfcon 

 any other, while the cost is only about one half that 

 of sperm. It has lately been discovered that oil, equal 

 to sperm, can be extracted from lard to great advan- 

 tage. After extracting ihe oil, the stearino remains 

 and forma a substance similar in every respect to 

 siiermaccli, and the candles from this can be alfordod 

 lor from twenty five to thirty cents per pound. Thoso 

 rticles arc already becoming quite common in tho 

 state of Ohio, where large cftablishments arc engng- 

 d in manufactuiing them, and where ihc nature and 

 ililiiy of these substances are generally understood, 

 t will readily be seen that it must have n most impor- 

 tant bearing upon agricultural profits. 



ALEX. KELSEV, 

 W. C. CORNELL, 

 N. HAYWARD . 



Rust on Wheat Straw. 



It isstated in acommunication on page 147 of our last 

 number, that cattle thrive much better on rusted than 

 on bright straw. The writer suggests that the rust 

 affords posi live nouriahment ; but la it not far more 

 probable that its superiority ia caused by the unthresh- 

 ed grain, which, from the difficulty of shelling out, 

 the rusted straw contains ? 



It ia also suggested there, as well as frequently else- 

 where, that a strong and sudden flow of sop liursts 

 the straw. Would it not be simpler as well as more 

 philosophical lo suppose, that the external tissue 

 cracks open merely from the action of outward mois- 

 ture, as ripe fruits often do in rains, — instead of by 

 an explosion ? The opinion that rust is dried sap, is, 

 1 believe, satisfactorily disproved by the fact, that the 

 microscope shows it to be a real fungus, a parasiti- 

 cal plant, with its several parts as distinct as thoee <■! 

 a mushroom .And that this plant spreads by the seed, 

 thus rendering the disease contagious, is proved by 

 the facts staled in the communication of J. B. Bowcn 



in tbe last volume of tl-e F arrhcr. J. 



From the Mark Lane Express. 

 Cheap Food for Horses. 

 A pTopoaiiion has been made to the French MiniE- 

 ter of War, by a M. Longchamp, to try a new meth- 

 od of feeding horses, which he asserts will produce a 

 vast saving in the amount oi forage necessary for the 

 army. This gentleman proposes to make a sort of 

 bread threc-fourthii potatoes, and the rest oatmeal, 

 with which the horses are to be fed in place ot oat.=. 

 The average quantity of oats for ahorse pel day, M. 

 Longchamp estimates to be 10 lb., costing obont 13 

 sous. Me proposes to replace this food by 10 lb. of 

 the bread made with oats and poiaioes, the price of 

 which will be only 5 sous, leaving a sai-ing of 8 sous 

 a day. As there are 80,00rt horses in the army, a 

 saving would arise on the whole of tbe cavniry of 

 11.680,000 fr- a year. M. Longchamp considers this 

 food to be more nutritious than the food generally 

 fivcn 'o horae?, for a great portion of the oals taken by 

 a horse are imperfectly masticated, and iherrfore the 

 nutritive qualities are allowed to remain latent. Heat 

 and moisture, he declares, ore necessary to briug 

 forth fully the qualities of the fecula of o.in, and this 

 can be procured most effeclually by subjecting it to the 

 heat of nnoven, after having been moistened and well 

 mixed up. Cakes of this kind have been long used 

 in Holland wilh profit ; and M. Longchamp express- 

 es his surprise tlial potnto-flour has not been mno 

 commonly and open'y mixed with bread ; bakers, he 

 .says, being in the habit of using it. But this is not 

 Ihe only advantage to be gained by this proi-oaition. 

 A hectare of oats (2^ acres) is worth about 09 fr., 

 whilst one of potat^ra produces 240 fr. M. Loug- 

 ..-hnrnp ihinks that, if one third of the land at present 

 under cultivation.for oate were planted with i oiatoes, 

 five times a greater quantity of caitle could he bred in 

 Frai'ce. By this mfeansbutehers' meat would bewime 

 chooper, and be widiin tie reach of t e generrdiiy ot 

 ihe inhabitanta of the kingdom. The mure generous 

 aiet thus procured wnnid have a considerable inlluence, 

 M. Longchamp declares, on the average height ot the 

 nativea o{ France, which the recruitment of the nimy 

 ..^rcvea to be each year decressiiig in stauitc. 



