162 TURBINID^E. 



Dr. Paul Fischer, in his excellent Manuel de Conchyliologie, divi- 

 des the Turbinidce into three subfamilies, denned as follows : 



" I, Phasianellince shell not nacreous ; II, Turbinince shell na- 

 creous ; outer surface of operculum with few whorls ; III, Cyclonem- 

 atince, shell nacreous, outer surface of operculum conical, elevated, 

 scalariform, with very numerous whorls." 



The last group, embracing Oyclonema Hall, Oriostoma Munier- 

 Chalmas, and other exclusively fossil genera will not be further 

 considered here. 



Contrary to the usual custom, the more aberrant subfamily, Phas- 

 ianellince, will be considered before taking up the Turbinime ; this 

 course being less objectionable than the unnatural sequence of groups 

 which would result from interpolating the Phasianellae between the 

 Turbines and the Trochids. 



Subfamily PHASIANELLIN^:. 



Shell bulimiform or subglobose, polished, without epidermis or na- 

 cre, variegated with bright colors; operculum heavy, calcareous, inter- 

 nally paucispiral, with nucleus near the basal margin, externally 

 convex, white; animal with long tentacles, and usually pectinated 

 head lobes ; epipodial line generally with cirrhi ; branchial plume 

 long ; foot narrow r , long, pointed posteriorly, rounded before, below 

 divided longitudinally by a median groove; jaws rhomboidal, cov- 

 ered with imbricating scales. Radula rather short ; formula of teeth 

 typically QC '5-1-5 1 oc, but sometimes lacking the median and outer lat- 

 eral teeth. 



The considerable diversity which has been observed in the denti- 

 tion of the Phasianellince renders a brief review of our knowledge of 

 that organ in the various groups desirable. Unfortunately the soft 

 parts of Eucosmia, Chromotis and Alcyna have not been observed; 

 and I have been unable to obtain specimens of them containing the 

 animal. 



Phasianella (typical). The radula of P. australis has been figured 

 by Eberhard. A transverse row of teeth forms a W T - shaped line. 

 The median tooth is wide, oval, a simple plate, without cusp, over- 

 lying the bases of the inner laterals ; the lateral teeth (" Zwischen- 

 platten " of Troschel) are of a rhomboidal form, and bear well de- 

 veloped cusps with a long and several small denticles ; the outer 

 (fifth) one is narrow ; marginals (" Seitenplatfcen ") with long 

 simple cusps, except the inner, which bears accessory small denticles 



