200 TURBO. 



T. CHRYSOSTOMUS Linn., 1758. PI. 40, fig. 19. 



Shell ovate-pointed, subperforate, solid, brownish or white, mar- 

 bled with chestnut; whorls 6, convex, spirally lirate and longitudi- 

 nally regularly sublaraellose striate, the lirse unequal, numerous, 

 sometimes with a coronal and several median carinse, bearing vaulted 

 recurved spines ; a prominent funicle around the umbilical region ; 

 aperture about one-half the length of shell, rotund-oval, golden- 

 orange within, peristome white-edged, undulating, slightly produced 

 at base, columella arched, umbilical region indented, subperforate. 

 Alt. 60-70 mill. 



New Caledonia; Philippines; Viti and Samoan Is. 



The golden-orange color of the throat, though sometimes rather 

 pale, is diagnostic of this form. Operculum (pi. 59, fig. 4) flat and 

 brown inside with four whorls and subcentral nucleus; outside very 

 convex, smooth and shining, brown or yellowish (or green, teste, 

 Fischer) in the middle portion, lighter and obliquely striate toward 

 the outer margin, white and smooth on margin of increment. 

 T. RADIATUS Gmel., 1788. PI. 47, fig. 23 ; pi. 62, fig. 1. 



Shell ovate-conic, imperforate, solid, whitish, streaked and macu- 

 lated with brown or green, the darker color often predominating; 

 spire conic, acute, whorls 5-6, convex, irregularly spirally lirate 

 and finely regularly lamellosely longitudinally .striate; subcarinate 

 above, sutures subcanaliculate; last whorl usually biaugulate, with 

 a coronal and one or two submedian lira? prominent and armed with 

 more or less numerous vaulted scales or spines; aperture about half 

 the length of shell, pearly white within; lip crenate, slightly pro- 

 duced at base ; umbilical region sometimes slightly indented. Alt. 

 40-50 mill. 



Red 'Sea to Madagascar ; Eastward to New Caledonia, Nicobar and 

 Philippine Is., etc. 



Operculum (pi. 60, figs. 36, 37) flat inside, with 5 whorls and sub- 

 central nucleus ; outside finely tuberculate, cinereous or pale olive. 



Under the above specific name I unite a number of nominal spe- 

 cies which agree in all essential characters. The more important 

 are T. speciosus Kiener, (pi. 47, fig. 24) T. spinosus Gmel. et auct., 

 T. tuberculatus Kiener, T. chemnitzianus Reeve founded upon the 

 same figure cited by Gmelin for T. radiatus T. nivosus Reeve, (pi. 

 42, figs. 44, 46) P. tuberculosus Quoy et Gaim., T. winteri Phil. (?) 

 This is not the T. radiatus of Reeve nor of Kiener, nor (probably) 

 of Anton. 



