t218 TURBO. 



Subgenus SARMATICUS Gray, 1840. 



Shell depressed, ventricose, imperforate, smooth or nodulous; 

 aperture oblique, large, columella wide. Operculum composed out- 

 side of a dense tuft of club-shaped processes; inside flat, with sub- 

 central nucleus. 



South African Province. 



Cidaris Swainson, 1840, (not of Klein nor Bolt.) is a synonym. 

 T. SARMATICUS Linn., 1758. PL 40, fig. 17. 



Shell globose-depressed, imperforate, dull brownish, above flam- 

 mulate, below more or less banded or maculate with white, usually 

 showing more or less of the underlying orange-red layer, between 

 which and the nacre there is a stratum of intense black; spire very 

 short, conic; whorls 5-6, convex, the upper ones with revolving 

 lira?, frequently carmated, the last traversed by several rows of 

 nodules, of which the coronal is the more prominent and constant, 

 concave above; aperture large, very oblique, beautifully nacreous 

 within, orbicular; outer lip thin, margined with intense black within, 

 nacre not extending to the edge ; columella arcuate, wide, slightly 

 produced below, broadly excavated above; parietal wall eroded, 

 showing a black blotch. Alt. 60-100, diam. 70-120 mill. 



Cape Region of S. Africa. 



Operculum (pi. 59, figs. 13, 14) flat within, with 5-6 whorls and 

 submedian nucleus; outside convex, whitish, composed of a dense 

 tuft of club-shaped profoundly separated agglomerated processes. 



S. classarius (Jray is synonymous. 



This species, the " Turk's Cap " of the shell dealers, is extremely 

 abundant at the Cape. 



T. NATALKXSIS Krauss, (January) 1848. PI. 56, figs. 83, 84. 



Shell orbicular depressed, imperforate, olivaceous or brownish. 

 radiately maculate above, irregularly below, with rufous and whit- 

 ish ; spire depressed-conic, obtuse, apex crimson, whorls '5-6, con- 

 vex, compressed below the sutures, spirally coarsely lirate, the last 

 whorl with about twelve rather widely separated ribs; aperture 

 subcircular, oblique, pearly within, outer lip thin, columella more 

 or less tinged with yellow or green, concave, broad above, with a 

 -deep curved pit in the place of the umbilicus. 



Alt. 20-30, diam. 25-40 mill. 



Natal. 



Operculum like that of T. sarmaticus. 



T. natalensis Reeve (Jan.) 1848, is a synonym. 



Fischer mentions a uniform orange variety. 



