CALLIOSTOMA. 



Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 141, t, iv, f. 4 (Dentition). HIDALGO, 

 Mol. mar. Esp t. 59, f. 4, 5. T. Icevigata J. SOWB V Min. Conch., t. 

 181, f. l. T. Cranchianus, and T. irregularis LEACH, Synops. Moll. 

 . Brit.^(ed. Gray), p. 173, 171. T. chemnitzii PHIL., Conchyl. 

 Cab., p. 63, t. 13, f. 7. MONTEROSATO, Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., 1889, 

 p. 79 (-1- multisulcosa Hidalgo MS., -f granulifera Jeffr.) T. 

 agrestis PHIL., Abbild. i, Trochus, t. 1, f. 6 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, t. 

 13, f. IS.T.flavws ANTON, Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1848, p. 105. PHIL 

 Conchyl. Cab., p. 256, t. 38, f. 3. REEVE, f. 33. 



The synonymy of the two varieties is given separately above. The 

 typical T. zizyphinus of Linnaeus is the large handsome form found 

 m the Mediterranean. It is smooth, or has only slightly developed 

 spiral riblets on the lower whorls. The upper (3 to 6) ones are densely 

 granulate, showing the affinity of the form to C. graniilatum Born, 

 etc. The following mutations have received names : 



Var. cingulata Broochi (pl.18, fig. 12). Shell with pretty strong 

 spiral sculpture, approaching conuloides. Var. dibitata Monte., no 

 sutural cordon ; last whorl dilated, rounded at periphery. Var. stran- 

 gulate B., D. D., whorls compressed, a little concave around the 

 middle (Var. scalaris Monts. is a syn.). Var. alba Monts., and Var. 

 vwlacea Monts. There are numerous other forms named, but the 

 practical use of this minute subdivision is very slight. The passion 

 for names displayed by certain writers on ^Mediterranean shells 

 reminds one of the vagaries of our own Rafinesque. The eccentric 

 American naturalist however, betrayed great insight in taxonomic 

 matters. 



Var. CONULOIDES Lamarck. PI. 65, figs. 67, 68. 



Shell similar in form or more depressed than the type, with strong 

 spiral ridges on the upper surface of the whorls. 



Atlantic coast of Spain, France, England, etc. 



This form is the T. zizyphinm of English authors. It varies 

 from nearly smooth to strongly spirally sulcate. There are forms 

 nearly or entirely intermediate between conuloides and zizyphinus. 



Subvarietal names have been given as follows: Var. Lyonsi 

 Leach, pure white. Var. Icevigata J. Sowb., smooth and polished, 

 with strong sutural ridges, considerably expanded towards the base \ 

 spire depressed. Var. granulifera Jeffr. white, the ridges granulated.' 

 V&T.humUior Jeffr. shell depressed, the diameter decidedly exceed- 

 ing the alt. The T. agresti* of Philippi is figured on pi. 18, fig. 15. 



