BIRDS OF INDIANA. 553 



F. ORDER PALUDICOL.E. 



THE SWAMP BIRDS-CRANES, RAILS, COOTS, ETC. 



a 1 . Size large; wing over 10 inches ; bill over 3 inches. GRUID^E. CRANES. XV 

 o 2 . Size small ; wing under 10 inches; bill under 3 inches. 



RALLIDyE. RAILS, ETC. XVI 



G. ORDER LIMICOLJ^. 



THE SHORE BIRDS-SNIPES, PLOVERS, SANDPIPERS, ETC. 



a 1 . Toes with lobed webs on the sides; tarsus compressed. 



PHALAROPODID.E. PHALAROPES. XVII 



a 2 . Toes without lobed webs on the sides; tarsus not extremely compressed. 

 &'. Tarsus more than twice the length of middle toe with claw. 



RECURVIROSTRID^E. AVOCETS, ETC. XVIII 

 b 2 . Tarsus less than twice the length of middle toe with claw. 



c 1 . Front of tarsus covered with a continuous row of transverse, four-sided 

 scales. Toes four (except Sanderling). 

 d\ Bill slender with blunt tip, soft skinned and sensitive throughout. 



SCOLOPACID^E. SNIPE, ETC. XIX 



c 2 . Front of tarsus covered with small six-sided or irregular scales; toes 

 three (except Black-bellied Plover). CHARADRIID^E. PLOVEBS. XXI 

 d 2 . Bill stout, hard, pointed and wedge shaped at the tip in our species. 



APHRIZID.E. SURF BIRDS, ETC. XX 



H. ORDER GALLING. 



PHEASANTS, GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, ETC. 



a 1 . Tarsus with spurs in male ; head naked or tail long and vaulted. 



PHASIANIDJE. PHEASANTS, ETC. XXIII 

 a 2 . Tarsus without spurs; head feathered (or nearly so) ; tail not vaulted. 



TETRAONID.E. GROUSE, ETC. XXII 



I. ORDER COLUMB.E. 



THE PIGEONS. 

 Characters same as the order. COLUMBID^E. PIGEONS. XXIV 



J. ORDER RAPTORES. 



BIRDS OF PREY. 



a 1 . Head entirely naked (downy in young); feet not adapted for grasping; nostril 

 longitudinal. CATHARTIDJE. AMERICAN VULTURES. XXV 



a 2 . Head nearly or fully feathered; feet especially adapted for grasping; nostrils 

 vertical or roundish. 



