584 REPOKT OF STATE GEOLOGIST. 



Immature- Above, grayish-brown; below, brownish; no crests or 

 other decorative feathers on head. (Ridgw.) 



Length, 29.00 to 33.50; wing, 12.00-13.00; bill, 2.25. 



RANGE. Eastern North America, from the Gulf of Mexico to Man- 

 itoba. Breeds from Dakota and Maine, formerly from Ohio and Iowa, 

 northward. Winters from Maine and southern Illinois southward. 



Nest, in trees or on cliffs, of sticks, etc. Eggs, 2-5, pale bluish-green, 

 more or less encrusted with chalky; 2.52 by 1.59. 



Regular migrant, more or less common along the larger streams. 

 Doubtless occasionally winter resident in southern part of the State. 

 It must be that most of the cormorants reported from our State belong 

 to this species. While but few of the specimens reported have been 

 preserved, and consequently are not accessible for verification, those 

 examined have generally proven to belong to this species. At Brook- 

 ville I have noted it as early as February 2 (1883) and as late as April 

 16 (1881) in spring, and from September (1879) to Nov. 19 (1880) in 

 fall. (Langdon Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, July, 1880, p. 127.) They are 

 most numerous with us in the spring, in April, and in the fall, in Oc- 

 tober. The fall of 1880 they were unusually numerous on the White- 

 water River. One flock of fourteen was seen, from which several were 

 shot, one of which is now in my collection. Mr. E. R. Quick also se- 

 cured others, one of which he placed in the collection of Dr. F. W. 

 Langdon. Farther northward in the State they remain later in spring 

 than they do with us. Mr. H. K. Coale noted it from Lowell. Ind., 

 in April, 1883, and Mr. B. T. Gault from English Lake, May 30, 1880. 

 Mr. J. E. Beasley took one at Indianapolis, May 8, 1858. Prof. Cooke 

 notes that Dr. Ezra S. Holmes, of Grand Rapids, Mich., has a male 

 which he took in northern Indiana, near the Michigan line (Birds of 

 Michigan, p. 36). In the fall I have no Indiana record earlier than 

 September. Prof. Cooke (loc. cit.) records it from Pine Lake, Michi- 

 gan, in August, 1893. Messrs. Ulrey and Wallace note a male and fe- 

 male taken at Long Lake, Ind., Nov. 15, 1890 (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 

 1895, p. 149), and Mr. Jesse Earlle informs me of one shot Nov. 28, 

 1895, on Big Walnut Creek, Putnam County, Ind. Mr. Ruthven 

 Deane reports seeing a Cormorant of this species at English Lake, 

 June 5, 1892. In November, 1896, Mr. W. 0. Wallace made a trip 

 down the Wabash River. November 3 he took a female four miles be- 

 low Wabash. He saw others at the following points: One near Logans- 

 port, one near Vincennes, and one near Mt. Carmel, 111. 



I do not know that it ever breeds in Indiana, but Dr. Wheaton 

 (Birds of Ohio, p. 544) says it is said to have nested years ago at the 

 Licking Reservoir. In the Ohio Valley they are known as "Water 



