BIRDS or INDIANA. 625 



It breeds from Iowa northward throughout Manitoba to the Alaskan 

 coast. 



This duck is well known to sportsmen as a diver. Often it escapes 

 by diving rather than by flying. 



22. GENUS CLANGULA LKACH. 



a 1 . Feathers at base of bill reaching farthest forward on the forehead. 



C. hy emails (Linn.). 47 



47. (154). Clangula hyemalis (LINN.). 



Old Squaw. 

 Synonyms, OLD WIFE, SOUTH SOUTHERLY, LONG-TAILED DUCK. 



Adult Male in Winter. Sides of head light smoke gray; the eyelids 

 and rest of head and neck, upper part of chest and upper back, white; 

 a dusky patch on each side of neck; breast and most of upper parts 

 black; the scapulars pale pearl-gray or grayish-white; lower parts 

 white, the sides tinged with pearl-gray. Adult Male in Summer. 

 Fore part of head pale grayish; eyelids and space behind eye white; 

 rest of head and neck, with upper parts generally, sooty blackish, or 

 dark sooty brown; the upper back varied with fulvous and scapulars 

 edged with same; breast and upper belly dark sooty-grayish; remaining 

 lower parts white, shaded on sides with pale pearl-gray. Adult Female 

 in Winter. Head, neck, and lower parts chiefly w r hite; top of head 

 dusky; chest grayish; upper parts dusky brown, the scapulars bordered 

 with light brownish, sometimes tipped with grayish. Adult Female in 

 Summer. Head and neck, dark grayish-brown, with a whitish space 

 surrounding the eye, and another on each side of neck; otherwise 

 much as in the winter plumage, but scapulars chiefly light brown or 

 fulvous, with dusky centers. 



Length (of male), 20.75-23.00; wing, 8.50-9.00; middle tail feathers, 

 8.00-8.50; bill, 1.10; the female smaller (about 15.00-16.00 long), with 

 middle tail feathers not conspicuously lengthened. 



KANGE. Northern Hemisphere. In North America, south to the 

 Potomac and the Ohio (more rarely to Florida and Texas) and Cali- 

 fornia; breeds far northward. 



Nest, on margins of lakes or ponds, among grass or bushes. Eggs, 

 6-12; drab, shaded with green; 2.05 by 1.49. 



Very common winter resident on Lake Michigan. Away from that 

 lake it is an exceedingly rare winter visitor, although it has been re- 

 ported from a number of localities throughout the State. 

 40 GEOL. 



