. BIRDS OF INDIANA. 1057 



County (Byrkit). Dr. A. W. Brayton says it "breeds sparingly in the 

 north of the State." It is reported as breeding in Monroe (Trombley), 

 Wayne (Alexander), Kalamazoo and Ingham counties, Michigan 

 (Cook, B. of M., p. 132). It also breeds in northern Ohio, northern 

 Illinois, and Mr. Robert Ridgway has found it in the breeding season 

 as far south as Richland Qounty, Illinois. They arrive a little later 

 in spring than some of the species I have noted. While occasionally 

 seen as early<as April 24 (1881), usually they appear southward after 

 May 1, and northward between May 5 and 10. First arrivals early 

 and late years are: Knox County, April 24, 1887; Brookville, May 

 2, 1881, May 9, 1875; Carroll County, May 4, 1885, May 22, 1883; 

 Wabash, April 28, 1892; Lafayette, April 27, 1892; May 16, 1897; 

 Petersburg, Mich., April 28, 1889, May 11,' 1893; Chicago, May 2, 

 1896, May 17, 1886. The latest I have taken it at Brookville is May 

 12, 1882. At Lafayette it has been taken May 28, 1892, and at Chi- 

 cago, May 30, 1894. This Warbler is found in the Whitewater Valley, 

 on the wooded hillsides and uplands. There it ranges from the 

 ground to the tallest treetops, preferring the lower growths, in the 

 heat of the day often seeking comfort and quiet in a cool thicket or 

 a brush pile near the ground. As they move through the trees the 

 wings are often partially raised and the tail somewhat elevated, indi- 

 cating alertness and attention to its duties as one of the entomologists 

 of our native forests. Where they make their summer homes they 

 spend their time about the borders of woods and in second-growth 

 timber. In New England, where they breed, they are said to frequent 

 the more open woods and thickets away from cultivation. In Ontario, 

 Mr. Mcllwraith says it rears two broods. Its song somewhat resembles 

 that of the Summer Warbler, but, once known, may readily be distin- 

 guished. Samuels says it consists of the syllables 'che-'che-che-'che-e-e, 

 and he mentions also a rattling cry, at times, which he compares to 

 the alarm note of the Maryland Yellow-throat (B. K. K, p. 232). 



In the fall they are more numerous than in the spring. While in 

 spring the markings readily aided in determining the species, the im- 

 perfect markings in fall tend to confuse the novice. They are among 

 the first migrants to appear in 'our latitude, sometimes arriving soon 

 after the middle of August. While most of them leave before the last 

 of September, they sometimes remain until after the 1st of October 

 (October 3). In 1896- they first appeared at Lafayette August 18, 

 and none were seen after August 27; whereas, in 1894, they had re- 

 mained until September 4; Warren County, September 15, 1897; at 

 Brookville, September 9, 1886; at Chicago, 111., September 24, 1895, 



67 GEOL. 



