BIRDS OF INDIANA. 1105 



elated together, they are generally found in flocks of from twenty to 

 SL hundred birds, frequenting meadows, open pastures, fields, prairies 

 and the shores of lakes. They are abundant migrants, and in the 

 southern part of the State may occasionally be winter residents. They 

 have been reported from southern Illinois in winter. In southern 

 Indiana they appear in force some years as early as March 3. Al- 

 though they move about a great deal, they make slow progress north- 

 ward. They were first noted at Brookville, March 3, 1893, and April 

 19, 1889; at Spearsville, March 6, 1894; Wabash, March 16, 1894; 

 Lafayette, April 1, 1892; Richmond, April 22, 1897; Kouts, April 

 15, 1894; Plymouth, Mich., April 24, 1896, May 2, 1893; Chicago, 111., 

 April 25, 1896. The latest spring records are Eichmond, May 4, 

 1897; Spearsville, May 10, 1894; Wabash, May 15, 1894; Plymouth, 

 Mich., May 24, 1892. Sometimes before they leave, in the spring they 

 begin mating. 



Late in September they become common about the lower end of 

 Lake Michigan, remaining until well into October and sometimes into 

 November. They were present in Cook County, 111., from September 

 36 to October 3, 1896; from September 28 to October 19, 1895. The 

 latest records I have are as follows: Liverpool, Ind., October 18, 

 1895; Chicago, 111., November 3, 1894; Plymouth, Mich., October 20, 

 1892. At English Lake, Ind., November 16, 1892, hundreds of Tit- 

 larks were seen rushing along in flocks of twenty to a hundred, over 

 the marshes (Deane). 



XL VIII. FAMILY TROGLODYTIDJE. WRENS, THRASHERS, ETC. 



a 1 . Eictal bristles well developed; wing 3.50 or more. 

 6 1 . Tail longer than wing. 



c 1 . Bill not shorter than middle toe .without claw ; our species brown above. 



HARPORHYNCHUS. 167 

 c 2 . Bill decidedly shorter than middle toe without claw. 



d 1 . Tail partly white. MIMUS. 165 



d 2 . Tail with no white. GALEOSCOPTES. 166 



a 2 . Kictal bristles not evident; bill not notched; wing less than 3.50. 



e l . Back strpaked lengthwise; outer tail feathers reaching little beyond 



the tips of lower tail coverts. CISTOTHORUS. 170 



2 . Back not streaked lengthwise ; outer tail feathers reaching decidedly 



beyond the tips of longest lower tail coverts. 



f 1 . Lower mandible curved downward; back without crossbars; super- 

 ciliary streak distinct. THRYOTHORUS. 168 

 f 2 . Lower mandible straight; back with more or less distinct cross- 

 bars; no distinct superciliary streak. TROGLODYTES. 169 



70 GEOL. 



