CONTENTS. vii 



Force incomparably greater than that of the Nerve Stimulus, 

 145 ; Sources of Work immediately Albuminous, although 

 ultimately Non-Nitrogenous, 146 ; Chemical Changes in 

 Living Muscles, 147 ; Storing of Oxygen, 149 ; Compen- 

 satory Processes to prevent Waste of Nitrogen, 151 ; Intra- 

 muscular Nerve Protoplasm the Source of the whole Muscle 

 Force, 155 ; Proofs of its Sufficient Quantity, 156 ; Tongue 

 of Chameleon, 158 ; Intermediate Chemical Force-evolver 

 formed by the Protoplasm, 159 ; Animal Electricity, 161 ; 

 Negative Variation accompanies Nerve Action and Animal 

 and Vegetable Contractions, 162 ; Electricity a Stimulus, 

 164 ; Cannot be Nerve Force, as it is wasted by Bad Con- 

 duction, 166; Nerve Force ^probably a Specific Current 

 Force, 167 ; Muscle-work Inductive, 168 ; Stimulus both 

 Direct and Derived, 169 ; Conclusion in Favour of Beale's 

 Theory that Muscular Contraction is a Physical Act, 171, 



CHAPTER IX. 



Nature of Life, 174 ; Fletcher's and Author's Definitions, 175 ; 

 H. Spencer, Lewes, and De Blainville, 176 ; Both Vital and 

 Non-vital Elements in all Functions, 177 ; Molecular Com- 

 plexity probably the Cause of Vitality, 180 ; Metabolic in- 

 stead of Vito-Chemical, 182 ; Physiological Units same as 

 Fletcher's Irritable Matter U83 ; Madden's Complexity Se- 

 ries, 186 ; Compound Nature of the Elements, 187 ; Ele- 

 mentary, Chemical, and Metabolic States of Matter, 1 88 ; 

 Physical State of Protoplasm, 191 ; Molecular Organization 

 of Protoplasm, 195 ; Dynamic State of Matter, 196 ; Chemical 

 and Metabolic Action not Mutual, 198 ; Stimuli, 199 ; No 

 Spontaneity in Living Matter, 200. 



CHAPTER X. 



Connection of Force with Life and Mind. . Force an Affection 

 of Matter, 205 ; Definitions of Force, 207 ; Challis's Hydro- 

 Dynamic Theory, 209 ; Force nothing but MV 2 , 210 ; Dis- 

 tinction between Property and Force, 212 ; Secondary Pro- 

 perties imply Presence of Force, 214 ; Force has no 

 Determining Power, 216 ; Beale's Vital Power, 218 ; No 



