OF THE LIVING AND THE DEAD MATTER. 45 



never be given to the following parts, although to 

 some of them the word protoplasm has been errone- 

 ously applied, viz., the cell- wall of plants or animals, 

 however delicate or gelatinous; the threads or fila- 

 ments and walls of the vacuoles within protoplasmic 

 masses or cells ; the wall of the primordial utricle ; the 

 true fibrous, connective, elastic, bony, or other tissues 

 generally included among the living parts of animals ; 

 even the proper contractile fibre of the muscles, the 

 radiating fibres of the caudate nerve-cells, and the 

 outer coat of those cells, besides the nerve-fibres in 

 general ; the hard parts of epithelial cells, and all liquid 

 secretions; the cilia; the tissue of cuticle, hair, nails, 

 horn, and all analogous parts in plants ; the granules 

 in sarcode; all colouring matter; and, lastly, all pabu- 

 lum, including the fluid part of blood, lymph and 

 chyle, and corresponding matters in plants. 



In short, the name of bioplasm, given by Beale, or 

 protoplasm* (in a restricted sense, as it will probably 



* Since the unity of the ideal living matter has been recognized, and 

 its characters sharply defined, the question of its name assumes im- 

 portance. The matter originally termed germinal matter by Beale, 

 corresponds more or less closely with the plasma of Hackel, the proto- 

 plasma of Mohl, the sarcode of Dujardin, the cytoplasma of Kolliker, 

 the cell-stuff, or formative matter, of various authors; but the word 

 protoplasm as denned by Kuhne is the most generally used to express 

 the idea of living matter as nearly as is yet adopted by others in the 

 sense of Beale. But as on various occasions that word has been used 

 in a loose way, and applied to objects which have no title to vitality, 

 Dr. Beale objects to it. And since, for several reasons, the original 

 term, germinal matter, is inconvenient, he proposes a new name instead 

 of attempting to restrict the word protoplasm to one accurately-de- 

 fined meaning. He says, " The name I propose to give to the living 

 or self-increasing matter of living beings, and to restrict to this, is 

 bioplasm. Now that the word biology has come into common use, it 

 seems desirable to employ the same root in designating the matter 

 which it is the main purpose of biology to investigate. Bioplasm in- 

 yolves no theory as regards the nature of the origin of the matter ; it 



