[BULLETIN No. 13] 



PART 4.-LARD AND LARD ADULTERATIONS 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 



DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY, 

 Washington, D. (?., February 7, 1889. 



SIR: With many interruptions, clue to the experiments ia tke manu- 

 facture of sugar, carried on under the supervision of this division, I have 

 completed our studies on lard and lard adulterations, and now have the 

 honor to lay before you the results obtained for your inspection and 

 approval. 



I have endeavored to shaw the character of true lard, how it is made, 

 and how it may be distinguished from its imitations. In the same man. 

 ner the substances used in adulterating lard viz, stearines and cotton 

 oil have been studied and their properties described. Also the charac- 

 teristics of the mixed lards have been pointed out, and the best methods 

 of analytical research illustrated. 



Abstracts of similar studies by others have been given, and it is be- 

 lieved that the present state of our knowledge of lard and its com- 

 pounds is fully set forth. 



Some delay in submitting the manuscript to the Public Printer has 

 been experienced on account of failure to arrange for printing the illus- 

 trations. To facilitate this matter, it has been decided to omit nearly all 

 illustrations of methods of making and refining lard and cotton oil, and 

 print only a few photo-micrographs showing the crystalline appearance 

 of pure lard and stearines and mixtures thereof. 

 Respectfully, 



H. W. WILEY, 



Chemist. 



Hon. NORMAN J. COLMAN, 



Commissioner of Agriculture. 



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