LARD AND LARD ADULTERATIONS. 411 



(3) COTTON OIL. 



(a) The cotton seed from various sources is put through a screen to 

 take out the bolls and coarse material. The seed is then put through 

 a gin to remove as far as possible any remaining lint, of which about 20 

 pounds per ton of seed are obtained. 



The clean seed is next sent to a huller composed of revolving cylin- 

 ders covered with knives, which cut up both seed and hull. The chips 

 are then conveyed to a screen placed on a vibrating frame, through 

 which the kernels fall. The hulls are carried by an endless belt to the 

 furnaces, where they are burned. The kernels of the seed are conveyed 

 to crusher rolls, where they are ground to a fine meal. The meal is then 

 sent to a heater, where it remains from twenty to forty minutes. These 

 heaters have a temperature of 210 to 215 F. The hot meal is formed 

 into cakes by machinery ; these are wrapped in cloth and placed in the 

 press. About 16 pounds of meal are put in each cake. The cakes are 

 placed in a hydraulic press, where a pressure of from 3,000 to 4,000 

 pounds per square inch is applied. The press is also kept warm. The 

 expressed cakes contain only about 10 per cent, of oil. The cake is 

 sold as cattle food or for fertilizing purposes. The crude oil as thus 

 expressed contains about 1.5 per cent, of free acid. The chief cotton- 

 seed presses of the country are located at the following points: 



Cotton-seed oil milling points. 



Arkansas: Illinois: North Carolina : 



Little Rock. Cairo. Charlotte. 



Argenta. Louisiana : Raleigh. 



Fort Smith. New Orleans. Tennessee : 



Texarkana. Shreveport. Memphis. 



Brinkley. Baton Rouge. Jackson. 



Helena. Monroe. Nashville. 



Alabama: Missouri: Dyersburgh. 



Selina. Saint Louis. Texas : 



Mobile. Mississippi : Brenham. 



Montgomery. Clarksdale. Dallas. 



Eufaula. Columbus. Galveston. 



Huntsville. Canton. Houston. 



Georgia : Grenada. Palestine. 



Atlanta. Greenville. Waco. 



Augusta. Meridian. 



Albany. Natchez. 



Columbus. Vicksburg. 



Macon. West Point. 



Rome. 



The oil is chiefly pressed in winter, since it is difficult to keep the seed 

 for summer work. Some mills are, however, operated during the sum- 

 mer. The crude oil is shipped in tanks holding from 30,000 to 45,000 

 pounds each. When the oil is shipped North in winter it usually becomes 

 solidified. In order to get it out of the tanks they are placed on switches 

 and a jet of steam is introduced into the tank and the oil gradually 



