486 FOODS AND FOOD ADULTERANTS. 



NOTES ON TABLE No. 19. 



The cotton oils examined are believed to represeiit very accurately 

 tbe oils used in the adulteration of lards. The samples were mostly 

 taken from large reservoirs and hence better represent a mean value 

 than if derived from small quantities of the material. 



The specific gravity of the samples is remarkably uniform, the great- 

 est variation from the mean being +.0011. 



The high melting and crystallizing points of the fat acids are remark- 

 able characteristics when the low temperature at which cotton oil is a 

 solid is taken into consideration. The figures show how independent 

 these acids are of the glyceride in many of their physical properties. 



The high refractive index of cotton oil has already been noted. In 

 No. 56G1 this index is far above the mean, while in No. 5649 it falls 

 considerably below. With these exceptions there is a fair agreement 

 among the indices of the remaining samples. 



The great rise of temperature shown by cotton oil in contact with sul- 

 phuric acid is iully illustrated by the numbers in the table. These num- 

 bers are fairly concordant. The greatest departures from the mean are 

 -G.30 and +3.50. 



By the silver nitrate test the original samples were easily recognized 

 as cotton oil, while with the same test applied to the free acids, the re- 

 sults, as already indicated, were not so decisive. The probable reason 

 for this has already been mentioned. 



In the samples marked "jelly " in all the tables the silver test would 

 not work on account of a gelatinous precipitate, due doubtless to the 

 formation of a salt in the samples, arising from the union of an organic 

 acid with the silver. This organic acid was separated, but not in suffi- 

 cient quantity to determine its properties. The high iodine number is 

 another characteristic to be noted. Nos. 5649 and 5645 show the great- 

 est departures from the mean. 



Siearines. 

 No. 



5612. Prime oleo-stearine, made and used by Armour & Co., Chicago, 111. Affidavit 



of George H. Webster. 



5613. Prime lard stearine, made and used by Armour & Co., Chicago, 111. Affidavit 



of George H. Webster. 



5626. Oleo-stearine from John Rearden & Sous, Boston, Mass. Affidavit of Walter L. 

 Hill. 



5630. Yellow cottonseed oil stearine, brand of N. K. Fairbank & Co., Chicago, 111., 



from E. Richards. 



5631. Cotton-seed stearine obtained by Z. D. Gilrnan, from E. Richards. 



56 1:5. Prime lard stearine, from N. K. Fairbank & Co., Chicago, 111. Affidavit of Carl 



Dreier. 

 5644. Oleo-stearine, from N. K. Fairbauk & Co., Chicago, 111. Affidavit of Curl 



Dreier. 



5652. Dead-hog stearino, from John P. Squire, Boston, Ma-^. 

 5675. Sample from David Wesson, supposed to be cottonseed oil stearine. 



5680. Stii.irinc, from white cottonseed oil, from Southern Cotton Oil Trust. 



5681. Stearine from yellow cottonseed oil, from Southern Cotton Oil Trust. 



