LARD AND LARD ADULTERATIONS. 517 



standard, whether ifc is oil-color, or anything of that sort; sometimes lard is of too 

 dark a color ; a small quantity of tallow in lard could not be detected by its appear- 

 ance to the naked eye; a thousand or twelve hundred pounds of tallow put into one 

 or two tanks could not bo detected by the eye ; he thinks during last Novemberonly 

 a thousand or twelve hundred pounds of tallow was received into the house from all 

 sources. Tallow fat is worth 7| to 8 cents per pound ; he has never tried it, and does 

 not know how much tallow could be put in a tank of lard without it being detected. 

 25 or 20 per cent, could be detected, and he thinks 15 per cent, could be readily de- 

 tected by the naked eye and by the taste ; he has never tried 10 per cent : he thinks 

 an inspector would readily detect 15 per cent., and with 10 per cent, of tallow he 

 thinks an inspector would discover there was something wrong. 



TESTIMONY OF PROF. M. DELAFONTAINE.* 



CHICAGO, June 6, 1883. 

 To whom it may concern : 



This is to certify that on or about the 22d of May and the 2d of June, 1883, I re- 

 ceived from Mr. Mixer, provision inspector of the Board of Trade, three samples of 

 lard, respectively marked 1, 2, and 3. Mr. P. McGeoch requested me to analyze them, 

 and I find that neither of them is pure hog fat. Samples Nos. 1 and 2 gave indica- 

 tions of cotton-seed oil, and both contain a percentage of beef stearine (or a corre- 

 sponding quantity of beef tallow) exceeding 10 per cent. Owing to the smalluess of 

 the quantity of No. 3 at my disposal, I can not testify positively and beyond reason- 

 able doubt about the presence or absence of cotton-seed oil, but the proportion of 

 beef stearine is at least equal to that found in the other samples. 



M. DKLAFONTAINE. 



The experiments were all comparative; the same weight of each substance and 

 the same bulk of solvents used, drawn from the same supply ; the vessels were of the 

 same kind and capacity ; the experiments were conducted on the same table", at the 

 same window, etc. ; nothing was different but the final results for different samples ; 

 temperature between 12 and 15 degrees centigrade. For the detection of cotton- 

 seed oil olein was extracted, as usual, and tested by the elaidine test (the taste and 

 smell were noted too). For the extra stearine the lard was treated with eight or 

 nine times its weight of pure alcohol and ether, half and half, allowed to stand 

 twenty- four hours, liquid then poured out and replaced by a little over half as much 

 again of the solvent, shaken often, filtered after eight or ten hours, dried, weighed. 



First. What quantity of lard did you operate upon? 



Answer. For some experiments on about 4^- grams ; for others on twice that quan- 

 tity ; for others on 20 grams. 



Second. What was the liquid you used to dissolve the lard in? if a mixture, state 

 what proportions of each liquid. 



Answer. Half Squibb's ether, and half Squibb's absolute alcohol. 



*####* 



Fifth. Did you heat the lard and add to it the mixture, or did you simply add the 

 lard and then apply the heat ? 



Answer. The lard was heated to about 70 degrees C. 



*####* 



Seventh. What was the shape and size of thy vessel in which you thus treated it? 

 Answer. Cylindrical glass jars, glass-stoppered, graduated, holding 50, 100, and 

 200cc. 



Eighth. Did you decant the liquid off? 

 Answer. I did. 



Op. cit., pp. 139, 140, 141, 142, 143. 



