Leukcemia of the Fowl. 5 



His study was limited to gross and microscopical findings at autopsy. 

 The bone-marrow was omitted. The contents of the blood-vessels 

 of the organs were found to be leukaemic. He designates the case 

 also as " splenic leukaemia," but in so doing he calls attention to the 

 fact that the process involves many of the other organs and appears 

 to be only primary and most marked in the spleen. There was 

 no enlargement of the lymph-glands. 



With Ellermann and Bang, 87 in 1908, the subject takes on a 

 different phase. Up to this time, the communications dealt entirely 

 with the recording of spontaneous cases of leukaemia in the fowl. 

 Ellermann and Bang were the first to successfully transmit the 

 disease by experimental inoculations from a spontaneous case to 

 other, healthy, fowls. . In fact, they claim to have been the first to 

 successfully produce the disease experimentally in any animal. They 

 report the findings in two typical spontaneous cases giving identical 

 pictures. The blood study during life was found to be practically 

 the same as that of Warthin's case, with the exception that the large 

 mononuclears frequently contained in their cytoplasm many granules, 

 and thus represented cells which are not found in the normal blood 

 myelocytes. Small granules alternated with very large ones. The 

 autopsy showed an enlarged spleen and liver, the latter with white 

 dots and streaks. The bone-marrow was gray-red. The other organs 

 presented nothing of interest. The microscopical changes were very 

 similar to those of Warthin's case. The experimental leukaemia they 

 transmitted to the third generation, producing a blood picture and 

 organic findings identical with those of the spontaneous cases. 



Pseudoleukaemia, which is characterized by the same organic lesions 

 as are found in true leukaemia, but in which the blood picture is 

 normal, they found to occur spontaneously among chickens. They 

 received from the same flock, at the same time, a leukaemic and 

 pseudoleukaemic animal. From the pseudoleukaemic animal, by inocu- 

 lation, they produced a leukaemic animal, and conclude, therefore, 

 that the leukaemia and pseudoleukaemia of chickens are etiologically 

 identical. 



Multiple sarcomatosis of the peritoneum occurs epidemically in the 

 fowl. They consider this a manifestation of leukaemia, because by 

 inoculation from such a case they produced an atypical leukaemia and 

 carried this to the second generation. 



They were successful in two out of five inoculations with a filtrate 

 from an emulsion passed through a " Kerze aus Inf usorierde " and 



