8 Harry C. Schmeisser. 



leukaemia. It is characterized by a hyperleucocytosis due to the 

 polyniorphs. (Ellermann and Bang 10 had also stated this fact at an 

 earlier date.) (2) The organs of the tuberculous chickens were entirely 

 free from the changes which Ellermann and Bang, and they themselves, 

 found to be characteristic of leukaemia and which correspond entirely 

 with leukaemic lesions in man. (3) By injections of organic emulsions 

 obtained from spontaneous tuberculous chickens, or of pure cultures 

 of chicken tubercle bacilli, they uniformly produced a typical tuber- 

 culous blood picture and organic changes, always without any signs 

 of leukaemia. 



Ellermann 18 u in 1913 and 1914, in answer to the question whether 

 this chicken disease is really leukaemia, shows that it has all the 

 symptoms of human leukaemia. He meets Schridde's objection by the 

 argument that this investigator's claim was limited to the blood picture, 

 and in the absence of the characteristic organic changes, of which he 

 makes no mention, his experiments are of no importance. The in- 

 jection of an organic emulsion Ellermann never found to cause any 

 change in the blood, provided- the material was not virulent. Ellermann 

 and Bang had previously produced the disease with Berkefeld nitrates 

 in three different experiments. In this paper Ellermann reports two 

 more successful series. All other investigators have had only negative 

 results. Thus, Hirschf eld and Jacoby " were unsuccessful in two experi- 

 ments and Burckhardt " in one. 



Ellermann is convinced that the filtrate experiments prove the 

 theory of infection, for all the cells were surely removed. He feels 

 that the fact that the virus passed through a rather thick-walled Berke- 

 feld filter demonstrates that it is an invisible filtrate virus. He clearly 

 shows that the leukaemic virus can be separated from the virus 

 of tuberculosis by filtration and that, therefore, the two diseases 

 are distinct. Starting with an emulsion of spleen taken from an 

 animal, both leukaemic and tuberculous, in which tubercle bacilli had 

 been demonstrated, he passed this through a porcelain (Reichel) filter 

 and with the filtrate he produced leukaemia with complete absence of 

 tuberculosis in all the inoculated animals. 



Ellermann finally states that both the spontaneous and the trans- 

 mitted leukaemia occur in two types; (a) myeloid, (b) lymphatic. In 

 the first the blood is characterized by the presence of numerous 

 myelocytes and transitional cells, occurring in association with a pro- 

 nounced myelosis (large deposits of myelocytes) in the organs. In the 



