26 Harry C. Schmeisser. 



below it. In fact, the latter organ in situ (Fig. 5) was so enormous that 

 it filled the entire peritoneal cavity and was the only viscus visible on 

 entering the abdomen. 



Liver. As mentioned, the liver was greatly enlarged in 11 cases 

 (Table 1), frequently enormous (Fig. 5). In the smallest of these 

 the right lobe measured 9 x 4.5 x 3.8 cm. ; the left lobe, 7 x 5 x 3.8 cm. ; 

 in the largest, right lobe 13.5 x 4.5 x 4 cm. ; left lobe 12.5 x 4 x 3.5 cm. 

 On comparing them with the normal, these dimensions are not very con- 

 vincing, with the exception of the length of the lobes. As the organ 

 enlarges, it becomes distorted, because the limited cross-diameter of the 

 peritoneal cavity prevents its expansion in this direction and forces the 

 lobes to follow the costal framework, posteriorly. The long diameters 

 of the lobes are more reliable, because the organ can enlarge freely in 

 this direction. 



The weight of the liver is a more accurate indication of its size, 

 especially when expressed in per cent of body weight, i. e., the number of 

 grams of weight of organ per 100 gm. of weight of the animal at death. 

 Thus, the weights were found to range from 80-265 gm, i. e., they were 

 over five times the normal or 6.2-10.3 per cent of body-weight, an 

 increase of 3.6+ times the normal (Table 1). 



The external appearance of the liver may not differ much from the 

 normal, but usually it is very characteristic ( Fig. 5 ) . It may appear 

 diffusely gray, due to very closely packed subcapsular spots, pin-point to 

 2 mm. in diameter. These are usually more scattered and translucent, 

 at times slightly yellow and opaque. They may fuse to form larger 

 areas with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm., or they may be arranged in a delicate 

 gray network. In addition, numerous gray or slightly yellow nodules, 

 ranging from 2-0.5 cm. in diameter are often present. The whole gives 

 the surface an extremely mottled appearance. Lobulation at times is 

 visible, usually indistinct. The liver may be slightly firm or friable. 

 The sectioned surface appears very similar to the external surface. Dots 

 and lines often form gray borders along the blood-vessels. The latter 

 also occupy the centers of some of the larger, circumscribed, gray areas. 

 The perivascular connective tissue in rare instances is bile-stained. 

 Microscopically, there is usually a diffuse infiltration of myeloid cells. 

 They are closely packed within and without the intralobular capillaries. 

 The liver trabeculae show fatty degeneration and atrophy. The large 

 mononuclear, rich in mitotic figures, is by far the predominating cell. 



