THE MISSING FACTOR IN CURRENT THEORIES. 23 



which all his previous work had done such homage, 

 he splits up the world-order into two separate halves. 

 The earlier dominated by the " cosmic " principle 

 the Struggle for Life; the other by the "ethical" 

 principle virtually, the Struggle for the Life of 

 Others. The Struggle for Life is thus made to stop 

 at the " ethical " process ; the Struggle for the Life 

 of Others to begin. Neither is justified by fact. The 

 Struggle for the Life of Others, as we have seen, 

 starts its upward course from the same protoplasm 

 as the Struggle for Ljfe; and the Struggle for Life 

 runs on into the " ethical " sphere as much as the 

 Struggle for the Life of Others. One has only to see 

 where Mr. Huxley gets his "ethical" world to per- 

 ceive the extent of the anomaly. For where does he 

 get it, and what manner of world is it ? " The history 

 of civilization details the steps by which men have 

 succeeded in building up an artificial wo^ld within the 

 cosmos." 1 An artificial world within the cosmos ? 



This suggested breach between the earlier and the 

 later process, if indeed we are to take it seriously, is' 

 scientifically indefensible, and the more unfortunate 

 since the same result, or a better, can be obtained 

 without it. The real breach is not between the 

 earlier and the later process, but between two rival, 

 or two co-operating processes, which have existed 

 from the first, which have worked together all along 

 the* line, and which took on " ethical " characters at 

 the same moment in time. The Struggle for the Life 

 of Others is sunk as deep in the " cosmic process " as 

 the Struggle for Life; the Struggle for Life has a 

 share in the " ethical process " as much as the Strug- 

 1 Evolution and Ethics, p. 35. 



