34 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE. 



from which we have quoted. The Flamande or Belgian breed is of the same 

 race as the Holland breed, virtually originating from it. Consul Tanner says 

 of it: "This breed of cows ranks almost equally with the Dutch, even in 

 North Holland, and in France, Germany and Switzerland are esteemed above 

 any English breeds by all those who know cattle. That which this breed lacks 

 in quantity of milk it makes up in quality, and that which it lacks in size for 

 beef is compensated for in the same way. These two breeds (Hollandais and 

 Flamande) are as gentle and kind in disposition as it is possible for cattle 

 to be." Consul Wilson says of them: "The color of the Belgian cattle (Flam- 

 ande breed) is most frequently black and white, while the Hollanders are the 

 same, but sometimes with a sprinkle of corn or tan color, something like that of 

 the Alderneys. Sometimes this gets to be almost red like the Durhams; but 

 in both the dominant colors are black and white placed in large spots over the 

 body." 



There is no doubt these two breeds, so called, are of the same blood and 

 might be as properly ranked together as one and the same breed, as are the 

 various colored animals of the Ayrshire breed, or indeed the various colored 

 animals of the Jersey and Guernsey breeds. If they are thus considered, what 

 an overwhelming verdict in its favor are the statistics that we have quoted. 

 No one can question this verdict. From it there can be no appeal. It is from 

 the highest possible source of authority. The trial was not of superior animals 

 selected out of thousands to represent the breeds, but of the breeds themselves, 

 each as a whole. It does not follow that a similar verdict would be rendered 

 by dairymen in mountainous districts on comparatively unfertile soils, with 

 widely different markets; but it does follow that on fertile soils and level lands, 

 in densely populated countries, no breed or race can successfully compete with 

 this. If, however, they are considered distinct and separate, it leaves them 

 about equally matched: two branches from the same parent stock, each superior 

 to the other breed. We have no animals in this country of the Flamande 

 branch; we have only the Hollandais or Holstein-Friesian, and hence the verdict 

 of the dairymen of Belgium goes alone to its credit. 



Eastward from its place of origin, this race has spread even more extensively 

 than southward. It has come to occupy whole provinces of the German 

 Empire, notably, East Friesland and Oldenburg, in both of which it has been 

 so long and so universally kept that it has become modified by the peculiarities 

 of climate and use, and is regarded as indigenous. In East Friesland it has 

 come to be taller and more rangy in build; in Oldenburg more nearly resem- 

 bling the English Shorthorn. 



In 1865 John H. Klippart, then one of the most prominent students of agri- 

 culture and secretary of the Ohio state board, was commissioned by that body 

 to make a tour of observation upon the agricultural progress of Europe. His 

 first attention was given to the International Fair held at Stettin, Prussia. 

 Here he found 255 cattle classed as belonging to the milch breeds. Of these 

 129 were entered as Hollanders and 39 as East Friesians. The entries of no 

 other breed exceeded ten animals. The Ayrshires were represented by six 

 animals and the Jerseys by one. In his report he says : "The Oldenburgers do 

 not differ materially from their progenitors, the Friesian or Holland race," but 

 adds, "they are more rounded, plump and shorter in the body and legs." Of 

 the East Friesian or Breitenburg race he says, "It might with great propriety 

 be classed as a branch of the great Friesian or Holland race." Speaking 

 further of the families or branches of the Holland race he says, "all these are 

 celebrated milkers, the yield ranging from 22 to 38 quarts per day per cow." 



In his report on the different provinces of the German Empire he says 

 of Pomerania, "Holland cows are very popular here as milkers;" of Posen, 

 "Imported animals on the manors consist chiefly of Holland, Oldenburg, 

 Schwitz and Allgan races, but recently Shorthorns have been added ;" of 

 Westphalia, "In Westphalia the Holland race is very popular and extensive 

 importations are made of this race. From forty to a hundred cows of this race 

 are frequently found on manors ;" of Brandenburg and Saxony, "In Halberstadt 

 district there are annually a large number of calves, heifers in calf, and cows 

 in calf imported from Holland." 



These quotations show the tendency of this breed towards occupying the 

 dairy sections of the German Empire in 1865. Since then herd book associa- 

 tions have been formed and herd books commenced in that country, one for 

 registering cattle of the East Friesland branch or breed, another for the 



