134 



HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE. 



Discredits. THURL. 



High; I 4 



Broad; j points. 



Discredit, v. s. 1-4; s. 1-2; m. 1; v. m. 1 1-2; e.2. 



QUARTERS. 



Deep; ] 



Straight behind; 4 



Roomy in the twist; }- _? fc 



Wide and moderately full at the | pO11 



sides ; J 



Discredit, v. s. 1-8; s. 1-4; m. 1-2; v. m. 3-4; e. 1. 



FLANKS. 



Deep; { 2 



Comparatively full; f points. 



Discredit, v. s. 1-8; s. 1-4; m. 1-2; v. m. 3-4; e. 1. 



LEGS. 



Comparatively short; 

 Clean and nearly straight; 

 Wide apart; 

 Firmly and squarely set under the 



body; 

 Feet of medium size, round, solid 



and deep; j 



Discredit, v. s. 1-8; s. 1-4; m. 1-2; v. m. 3-4 



TAIL. 



Large at base, setting well back; 1 

 Tapering finely to switch ; 

 The end of the bone reaching to 



hocks or below ; 

 The switch full; 



Discredit, s. 1-8; m. 1-4; e. 1-2. 



HAIR AND HANDLING. 

 Hair healthful in appearance; 1 

 Fine, soft and furry; 

 The skin of medium thickness and 



loose; 



Mellow under the hand; 

 The secretions oily, abundant, and | 

 of a rich brown or yellow color; J 

 Discredit, v. s. 1-4; s. 1-2; m. 1; v. m. 1 1-2; e. 2. 



MAMMARY VEINS. 

 Very large; 



Very crooked (age must be taken 

 into consideration in judging of 

 size and crookedness) ; 

 Entering very large or numerous 



orifices; 

 * Double extension; 



With special developments, such 

 as branches, connections, etc. J 

 Discredit, v. s. 1-4; s. 1-2; m. 1; v. m. 1 1-2; e. 2. 



5 

 points. 



2 

 points. 



10 

 points. 



Discredits. UDDER AND TEATS. 

 Very capacious; 

 Very flexible; 

 Quarters even; 

 Nearly filling the space in the rear 12 



below the twist, and extending }- points. 



well forward in front; 

 Broad and well held up: 

 Teats well formed, wide apart, 



plumb, and of convenient size ; ., 

 Discredit, v. s. 1-4; s. 1-2; m. 1 ; v. m. 1 1-2; e. 2. 



ESCUTCHEON. 



Largest; j 8 



Finest; \ points. 



Discredit, v. s. 1-2; s. 1; m. 2; v. m. 3; e. 4. 



Perfection, 



100 points. 



GENERAL VIGOR: For deficiency Inspectors 

 shall discredit from the total received not 

 to exceed eight points. 

 Discredit, v. s. 1; s. 2; m. 3; v. m. 5; e. 8. 



GENERAL SYMMETRY AND FINENESS: For de- 

 ficiency Inspectors shall discredit from the 

 total received not to exceed eight points. 

 Discredit, v. s. 1; s. 2; m. 3; v. m. 5; e. 8. 



GENERAL STYLE AND BEARING: For deficiency 

 Inspectors shall discredit from the total re- 

 ceived not to exceed eight points. 

 Discredit, v. s. 1; s. 2; m. 3; v. m. 5; e. 8. 



CREDITS FOR EXCESS OF REQUIREMENT IN PRO- 

 DUCTION: A cow shall be credited one point 

 in excess of what she is otherwise entitled 

 to for each and every eight per cent that 

 her milk or butter record exceeds the mini- 

 mum requirement. 



In scaling for the Advanced Register, defects 

 caused solely by age, or by accident, or by dis- 

 e'ase not hereditary, shall not be considered. 

 But in scaling for the show ring such defects 

 shall be considered and duly discredited. 



A cow that in the judgment of the Examiner 

 will not reach at full age, in milking condition 

 and ordinary flesh, 1000 pounds, live weight, 

 shall be disqualified for entry in the Advanced 

 Register. 



No cow shall be received to the Advanced 

 Register that, with all credits due her, will not 

 scale in the judgment of the Examiner at least 

 75 points. 



The Holstein-Friesian Association of America was chartered in New York in 

 1885. Its records comprise the Holstein Herd Book of nine volumes, the Dutch- 

 Friesian Herd Book of four volumes, the Advanced Registry and the fourteen 

 volumes of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America. The Holstein Breeders 

 Association and the Dutch-Friesian Association united in 1885 under the title 

 of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America, since which time fourteen 

 volumes of its herd book have been printed. 



The total registration of the societies up to close of 1896 is as follows : 

 Holstein Herd Book, cows, 10,560; bulls, 4,664; Dutch-Friesian Herd Book, 

 cows, 1,937; bulls, 730; Holstein-Friesian Herd Book to close of Volume 

 14, cows, 40,516; bulls, 22,586. Thus it appears that there are now upwards of 

 53,013 cows and 27,980 bulls upon its records. 



It is the oldest association in the world founded upon these cattle. Its 

 membership includes 515 breeders and its treasury is in so prosperous condi- 

 tion as to enable it to offer thousands of dollars in special prizes each year. 

 The aggregate sum, so disposed of, is very large indeed and has greatly 

 benefited Holstein-Friesian interests. Nearly $25,000 has been expended in 

 bounties upon bull calves slaughtered or castrated ; but this practice is no 

 longer in force. By its enterprise and careful management it has conferred 

 lasting benefit upon breeders and the breed. 



It is the only herd book recognized by the United States Government. The 

 fee for life membership is $25. Members' fees for recording cattle are : For 

 males under one year of age $3. Non-members are required to pay for registry 



