SOME AMERICAN BREEDERS. 291 



Mr. Roe's aim has been to breed for a large flow of rich milk, the standard 

 being an average of four per cent butter fat from the mixed milk from the 

 entire dairy, a mark that has been very nearly reached with the heifers from 

 the bull Aaggie Prince of Wayne. 



To avoid inbreeding this bull was sold for beef in the summer of 1894, and 

 another one bought to breed on the heifers. This time Mr. Roe had a long 

 hunt to find the right kind of a bull ; one that would improve the offspring of 

 these Aaggie- Wayne heifers in the production of butter. It was a long hunt 

 and a very long price was obliged to be paid for such a bull, but he was secured 

 in De Kol 2d's Paul De Kol, No. 20735 H. F. H. B., Advanced Registry No. 107. 

 His dam is the great cow De Kol 2d, who holds the world's four-year-old but- 

 ter record of 33 Ibs. 6 oz. in seven days, and also the largest official butter rec- 

 ord of 26 Ibs. 9 T Vff oz. De Kol 2d's daughter, De Kol 2d's Queen, has the largest 

 three -year-old butter record, 28 Ibs. 7 oz. in seven days. Another daughter has 

 the largest thirty-day butter record of 82 Ibs. 7f oz. at two years of age. His 

 sire is the great butter-bred bull, Paul De Kol, now at the head of the herd of 

 T. G. Yeomans & Sons. His dam, Pauline Paul, is the world's largest butter 

 producer of any breed, having the world famous record for one year of 1,153 

 Ibs. and 15f oz. His sire is De Kol 2d's Prince, a son of De Kol 2d. This bull 

 contains 62| per cent of the blood of De Kol 2d, 25 per cent of Pauline Paul, 12| 

 per cent of Neptune, Jr., an Aaggie bull. Is it possible to get better butter 

 breeding in any Holstein-Friesian bull ? As an individual he is all that any 

 one can expect. He has a long body, very fine head and neck, large full eye, 

 very yellow skin, a wonderful milk vein development, large escutcheon of fine 

 quality. With this bull on the daughters of Aaggie Prince of Wayne, it is 

 expected to obtain heifers that will fully come up to the standard of four per 

 cent fat with a large flow of milk. A number of his calves are already on the 

 farm. They are very fine individuals with soft silky hair, straight backs, very 

 yellow skins and with indications of making animals of the highest quality. 



MR. ELDON F. SMITH of Columbus, Ohio, one of the proprietors of Ohio's 

 famous herd of Holstein-Friesians, was born in the county of Athens, Novem- 

 ber 23, 1861, the son of a farmer. He attended the district school until thirteen 

 years of age, when an academy opened, which offered special advantages that 

 he availed himself of for two years, and when sixteen years old entered the Ohio 

 University at Athens. Four years were occupied at this institution and six 

 months were passed in a law office. 



Mr. Smith had then about reached his majority. New fields of enterprise 

 were now opened to his father, W. B. Smith, who secured the contract for fur- 

 nishing milk to the Columbus Hospital for the Insane. This institution is the 

 largest of its kind. Young Mr. Smith, desiring to assist his father, dropped his 

 legal studies for a time and joined in establishing a dairy suited to the needs 

 of this institution, and again resumed his studies for two years with a leading 

 law firm in Columbus. Failing health, however, compelled him to abandon all 

 thoughts of practicing law, and he again turned his attention to out-door life 

 and his father's dairy. 



Mr. Smith soon became proficient in the details of this work and began a 

 systematic study of the comparative merits of the various breeds of cattle. It 

 was apparent that the results produced with grade Shorthorns in quantity and 

 quality of milk were unprofitable. The methods of care and feeding must be 

 improved with corresponding increase in results or a larger yielding breed of 

 cattle found that would respond profitably to present conditions of reasonable 

 care and feeding. It was found that some improvement in handling could be 

 made, and improved methods were adopted, yet it still appeared that the cattle 

 were the great source of loss. 



Mr. Smith then determined that among the special purpose dairy breeds 

 would be found the profitable milk and butter producer, and the questions that 

 confronted him were, which is the breed, what breed has the requisite qualifi- 

 cations of size and constitution and capacity. A careful study determined the 

 choice of the Holstein as more nearly filling the requirements. 



Ten years use of the Holstein breed warrants the statement made by Mr. 

 Smith that by their use he is enabled to obtain almost double the yield of milk 

 and butter over that yielded by other stock. 



