CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS, &C. 149 



en walls, extending to many hundred lineal feet, in 

 a manner, I believe, entirely new. They are not 

 perpendicular, but recline considerably towards the 

 north, presenting a surface at a better angle with 

 the sun than if they were upright. They are pla- 

 ced on sloping ground, and range in five ranges or 

 lines due east and west, at the distance of seven 

 yards from each other, the southmost being five feet 

 high, and the northmost seven, forming a kind of 

 amphitheatre, that has a very pleasing effect. They 

 are composed of imbricated boarding, and are laid 

 over with pitch, to give them durability. The sup- 

 ports are set on (not set in) blocks of stone, which 

 are sunk in the earth, and firmly laid on solid 

 foundations, three feet deep, under the ground 

 level. 



On these walls are planted the best of fruits, the 

 aspects being all south, The trees, of course, are 

 trained horizontally, in the manner of espaliers, and 

 promise exceedingly well. It is thought the flavour 

 of the fruit will be very much enhanced by the 

 great influence of the sun, on account of the slop*- 

 ing position of the walls, and their being black. 

 Their north sides are covered with currents, to come 

 in late. 



Of Espaliers, 



Espaliers, if well managed, are both ornamental 

 and useful in the garden, affording a deal of fruit, 

 yet taking up little room. The railing ought to be 

 plain and neat, four or five feet high, and the up- 

 right spars to which the trees are trained, nine 



