15O THE FRUIT GARDEN. 



inches apart. The posts should be set in blocks of 

 stone, and should be run in with pitch, or, which is 

 a better way, set on blocks of stone, in an iron 

 hoze batted into the stone. These blocks, in either 

 case, should be sunk under the surface of the 

 ground. 



The proper situation for an espalier-rail is in the 

 border, by the principal walks, and at three or four 

 feet distant from the walk. They may be placed on 

 each side of the cross walks, if the garden be not 

 very small ; but in that case, they would both con- 

 fine and overshadow the kitchen crops too much. 



Some think dwarf standards, or buzelars, have a 

 better effect than espaliers. This is a mere matter 

 of taste ; but if equally well managed, they are 

 equally useful. They ought to be kept within due 

 bounds, however, and should not be suffered to rise 

 too high, nor spread too widely. Generally speak- 

 ing, the apples and pears for this purpose should be 

 dwarfed, that is, the apples should be grafted on 

 paradise stocks, and the pears on quince stocks, as 

 will be further noticed. 



SECT, II. 



ON THE FORMATION OF FRUIT-TREE BORDERS. 



MANY vegetables will do very well in fifteen or 

 eighteen inches of soil ; but fruit-trees will not 

 thrive long in a soil less than two feet in depth. If 



