190 THE FRUIT GARDEN. 



form the tree ; of which see farther iri July and 

 August. 



But the side branches of horizontally-trained 

 trees, must on no account be shortened, except in 

 the case of accidental bruises, or other misfortunes ; 

 but must be extended at full length, until the tree 

 have filled its place. The upright or leading shoot 

 only is to be shortened, and that in order to make 

 it put out lateral branches. If this leading shoot be 

 strong, it may be headed back to eighteen or twenty 

 inches ; but if weak, to nine or ten only. The ne- 

 cessity for this precision is, that a weak stem will 

 only put out one pair of laterals, and a new leader ; 

 and that a strong one will seldom push more than 

 two pairs, and a leader. Hence the reason why a 

 tree trained in this manner is so much longer in 

 filling its place, than one trained in the fan-manner, 

 as noticed above. 



Some kinds of pears, no doubt, if in very rich soil, 

 will, while in a young and vigorous state, push three 

 pairs of laterals ; and if this be expected, from the 

 apparent strength of the tree, the stem may be head- 

 ed at thirty or thirty-six inches, instead of eighteen 

 or twenty, as above directed. 



Of pruning Apricots, Cherries and Plums. 

 Apricots, Cherries and Plums, produce their 

 fruit both on spurs, and on the young shoots of last 

 summer ; and under the head pruning, may very 

 properly be classed, in order to prevent unnecessary 

 repetitions. Fan-training, for all these kinds, is to 

 be preferred to horizontal training, even on low 



