HOW GRAFTING AND BUDDING ARE DONE. 75 



from cuttings, but many of the commoner kinds will grow 

 in this way, and the choice Camellias are grafted upon 

 stocks obtained by rooting cuttings of the other strong 

 growing kinds ; so in various cases among fruits and 

 flowers, budding or grafting affords the readiest, if not 

 the only method by which we can multiply certain va- 

 rieties. A graft is a twig containing one or more buds, 

 and so inserted or planted in the stock that the new 

 bark and new wood of the two shall be in close con- 

 tact. In budding, a single bud with as little wood as 

 possible, is inserted or planted below the bark of the 

 stock, and in direct contact with its new or sap wood. 

 While we give the two operations different names, the 

 French call budding simply a variety of grafting shield- 

 grafting. In a general way, it may be stated that in 

 grafting we use buds of a previous year, and insert them 

 upon the stock where they are to grow the spring after 

 they are formed, and as soon as vegetation starts, these 

 buds commence to grow. In budding we use buds of the 

 current season's growth. The recently formed buds, near 

 the end of the growing season, are planted in the stock, 

 where they unite, and remain dormant until spring, when 

 the inserted bud pushes into growth at the time that the 

 natural buds of the stock start. These statements apply 

 only to out-door grafting and budding. When these oper- 

 ations are performed under glass, the propagator has con- 

 trol of atmospheric conditions, and varies them to suit 

 the subjects in hand. In out-door grafting, such as that 

 upon fruit trees, the cions are best if cut in the fall and 

 preserved in sand or sawdust in the cellar during the 

 winter ; though with very hardy sorts this is not essential, 

 they should be cut before any swelling of the buds takes 

 place. The operation succeeds best when the buds on 

 the cion are perfectly dormant, and those on the stock 

 have swollen and about to open. 



