86 PUBLTO REVENUES. [chap. iv. 



import. On Madeira wines the following duties are charged: 

 — on all exported to Portugal and its dependencies, 8s. Ifd. 

 per pipe; on all exported to foreign countries, £l 3*. Ofd. per 

 pipe; on all consumed in the island, the value of 4 canadas* 

 is charged on each barrel of wine ; the wine of shipment pays 

 besides £1 9s. 2d. for imposts and Custom-house dues. Meat 

 pays in proportion of one pound, in each arrobaj, at its retail 

 price. Fish pays six per cent, on its net value. These are 

 termed indirect imposts. The direct imposts are the tithes, 

 which are the tenth part of the productions of the land, with 

 the exception of some vegetables and fruits. These, next to 

 the customs, are the principal sources of revenue J. 



* A barrel of wine contains 28 canadas. 



+■ An arroba contains 32 pounds. 



J The following extract from the treasury operations in the years 1848 

 and 1S49 will give a clearer idea of the financial resources of Madeira. 

 In 1848 there was a balance in the treasury from the last year of 

 £7830 lis. 9|(Z. ; the receipts from the customs, and from the coffers of 

 the concelhos, were £30,481 8s. 11|<2. ; moneys replaced, £195 5s. 5\d. ; 

 deposits, £46 7s. 8\d.; treasury receipts, £78 2s. 6d. The expenditure 

 during that year, by order of Government, was £34,422 65. 10d., making a 

 total of £38,631 16s. i\d. received, 

 34,422 6 10 spent, 



£4,209 9 6| balance to next year. 



In 1849 there was a balance in the treasury from the last year of 



£4209 9s. 6|cZ.; the receipts from the customs were £22,768 19s. id. ; 



from the coffers of the concelhos, £11,419 lis. 4c?. ; moneys replaced, 4s. 2d. 



The expenditure during that year was, by order of the Minister of the 



Home Department, £3013 17s. 6^d. ; by order of the Minister of Justice, 



£2758 lis. 5d. ; by order of the Minister of War, £16,136 19s. 9^. ; by 



order of the Minister of Marine, £961 8s. Z\d. ; by order of the Minister of 



Finance, £6296 5s. 9d. ; and by funds transferred, £2776 6s. 6d., making 



a total of 



£3S,398 4s. 4f<Z. received, 



31,943 9 4i spent, 



£6,454 15 0j balance to next year. 

 To define the meaning of " funds transferred," or of " moneys replaced," 



