chap, iv.] GOVERNMENT MONOPOLIES. 87 



GOVERNMENT MONOPOLIES. 



Government maintains monopolies of soap, tobacco, and 

 urzella*: the penalties for infringing them are very severe ; 



would not be so easy ; the receipts " from the coffers of the concelhos," 



however, require some explanation. The particulars of these receipts, in 

 1849, are as follows : — 



£ s. d. 



Duties on patents 179 18 9^ 



Five per cent, additional duty 137 7 7 



Tithes 3,756 5 6 



Fintos (imposts) 288 18 1^ 



Diplomas 27 4 



Fines 236 13 1\ 



Stamps 201 5 6 



>Stamps on licences 236 17 1 



Stamps on passports 73 17 



Printed licences 2 111 



Printed passports 9 7j 



Ten per cent, on the sale of real estates . . 1,157 lOf 



Educational fund 1,292 3 3 



One-fifth of the revenue of crown property 



granted to individuals 43 14 8 £ 



Legacy duty 273 10 9 



Six per cent, on fish 188 19 7 



Tax on meat 724 8 \\\ 



Another tax on meat 376 3 \\\ 



Tax on wine 1,061 3 11 



Tax on fishing-boats 0126 



Ground rents 191 8 65 



Interest 4 7 4f 



Two and a half per cent, to landlord on trans- 

 fer of ground rents 16 5 



Rents 711 18 11 



Unclassed receipts 251 12 9| 



£11,419 11 4 



* Urzella, or orchil weed, is a lichen, or moss, used in making dye ; it 



was formerly collected in great quantities on the Dezerta Islands, and in less 



quantities on the Ponta de S a ? Laurenco, and the north coasts of Madeira ; 



it was valued at £350 and upwards per ton, but from the large quantities 



